{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:54:57Z","timestamp":1778777697457,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal for tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the United States is a TB disease incidence of less than 1 per million U.S. population by 2010, which requires that the latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence be less than 1% and decreasing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of LTBI in the U.S. population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interviews and medical examinations, including tuberculin skin testing (TST), of 7,386 individuals were conducted in 1999\u20132000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. LTBI was defined as a TST measurement of \u226510 mm. Associations of age, race\/ethnicity, sex, poverty, and birthplace were assessed. Results among the 24- to 74-year-old subgroup were compared with NHANES 1971\u20131972 data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimated LTBI prevalence was 4.2%; an estimated 11,213,000 individuals had LTBI. Among 25- to 74-year-olds, prevalence decreased from 14.3% in 1971\u20131972 to 5.7% in 1999\u20132000. Higher prevalences were seen in the foreign born (18.7%), non-Hispanic blacks\/African Americans (7.0%), Mexican Americans (9.4%), and individuals living in poverty (6.1%). A total of 63% of LTBI was among the foreign born. Among the U.S. born, after adjusting for confounding factors, LTBI was associated with non-Hispanic African-American race\/ethnicity, Mexican American ethnicity, and poverty. A total of 25.5% of persons with LTBI had been previously diagnosed as having LTBI or TB, and only 13.2% had been prescribed treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to basic TB control measures, elimination strategies should include targeted evaluation and treatment of individuals in high-prevalence groups, as well as enhanced support for global TB prevention and control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200701-057oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,7]],"date-time":"2007-11-07T21:24:37Z","timestamp":1194470677000},"page":"348-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Prevalence of Tuberculosis Infection in the United States Population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Diane E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne M.","family":"Courval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Atlanta, Georgia; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Onorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Agerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy 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