{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:06:23Z","timestamp":1790867183692,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing worldwide incidence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has emerged as a threat to public health and tuberculosis (TB) control. Treatment outcomes have varied among studies, and data on long-term survival are still scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To retrospectively assess the burden, clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and long-term survival rate of patients with XDR-TB in a cohort of patients with HIV-negative multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records were reviewed of patients newly diagnosed with or retreated for MDR-TB from 2000 to 2002. The cohort was monitored for 3 to 7 years after the initiation of treatment. Initial treatment outcomes and cumulative survival rates were analyzed, and predictors of treatment success and survival were defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1,407 patients with MDR-TB 75 (5.3%) had XDR-TB at treatment initiation. The default rate was high (453\/1,407; 32%), and patients with XDR-TB had lower treatment success (29.3 vs. 46.2%; P = 0.004) and higher all-cause (49.3 vs. 19.4%; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and TB-related disease mortality (41.3 vs. 11.8%; P &amp;lt; 0.001) than other patients with MDR-TB. The presence of XDR-TB significantly affected treatment success (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08\u20130.64; P = 0.005), all-cause mortality (hazards ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.91\u20135.53; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and TB-related mortality (hazards ratio, 4.45; 95% CI, 2.48\u20138.00; P &amp;lt; 0.001) on multivariate analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>XDR-TB occurred in a substantial proportion of patients with MDR-TB in South Korea, and was the strongest predictor of treatment outcomes and long-term survival in patients with MDR-TB. Adequate TB control policies should be implemented to prevent the further development and spread of drug resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-132oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,14]],"date-time":"2008-08-14T21:42:16Z","timestamp":1218750136000},"page":"1075-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Treatment Outcomes and Long-term Survival in Patients with Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Doh Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suck-Jun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mokpo National Hospital, Mokpo, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Sam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mokpo National Hospital, Mokpo, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Man","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV and TB Control, Department of Disease Prevention, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Soon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Seuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Dankook University 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