{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:24:24Z","timestamp":1790616264782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI57400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI57400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathogenesis of nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These studies seek to implicate a functional role for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in perpetuating primary nasal epithelial cell overgrowth, a key feature of hyperplastic polyps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparison of VEGF and receptor expression was assessed by ELISA of nasal lavage, immunohistochemistry of sinus tissue, flow cytometry of nasal epithelial cells, and ELISA of supernatants. VEGF-dependent cell growth and apoptosis were assessed with blocking antibodies to VEGF, their receptors, or small interfering RNA knockdown of neuropilin-1 by cell proliferation assays and flow cytometric binding of annexin V.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VEGF protein was sevenfold higher in nasal lavage from patients with polyposis compared with control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.001). We also report elevated expression of VEGF (P &amp;lt; 0.012), receptors VEGFR2 and phospho-VEGFR2 (both P &amp;lt; 0.04), and identification of VEGF coreceptor neuropilin-1 in these tissues. Nasal epithelial cells from patients with polyps demonstrated faster growth rates (P &amp;lt; 0.005). Exposure of cells to blocking antibodies against VEGF resulted in inhibition of cell growth (P &amp;lt; 0.05). VEGF receptor blockade required blockade of neuropilin-1 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and resulted in increased apoptosis (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and inhibition of autocrine epithelial VEGF production (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data demonstrate that VEGF is a novel biomarker for chronic rhinosinusitis with hyperplastic sinonasal polyposis that functions in an autocrine feed-forward manner to promote nasal epithelial cell growth and to inhibit apoptosis. These findings implicate a previously unrecognized and novel role of VEGF functioning through neuropilin-1 on nonneoplastic primary human airway epithelial cells, to amplify cell growth, contributing to exuberant hyperplastic polyposis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0740oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,18]],"date-time":"2009-09-18T01:28:59Z","timestamp":1253237339000},"page":"1056-1067","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drives Autocrine Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Survival in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Hyun Sil","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and 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