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One worker was tested for autoantibodies to granulocytemacrophage\u2013colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) and found to have an elevated level. These cases suggest that inhalational exposure to ITO causes pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, which may occur via an autoimmune mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1022cr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,18]],"date-time":"2009-12-18T02:56:48Z","timestamp":1261105008000},"page":"458-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in Workers at an Indium Processing Facility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Kristin J.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter E.","family":"Donat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; 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