{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:23:18Z","timestamp":1791195798311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophils are usually the first circulating leukocytes to respond during bacterial pneumonia. Their expression of oxidants, proteases, and other mediators present in granules is well documented, but their ability to produce mediators through transcription and translation after migration to an inflammatory site has been appreciated only more recently. Interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 is a cytokine with many functions important in host defense and immunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the expression and function of IFN-\u03b3 in bacterial pneumonias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IFN-\u03b3 mRNA and protein were measured in digests of mouse lungs with 24-hour bacterial pneumonia. Bacterial clearance was studied with IFN-\u03b3\u2013deficient mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus each induce expression of IFN-\u03b3 mRNA and protein by neutrophils by 24 hours. Only neutrophils that have migrated into pneumonic tissue produce IFN-\u03b3. Deficiency of Hck\/Fgr\/Lyn, Rac2, or gp91phox prevents IFN-\u03b3 production. IFN-\u03b3 enhances bacterial clearance and is required for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli induce production of IFN-\u03b3 mRNA but not protein. During pneumonia induced by E. coli but not S. pneumoniae, neutrophils produce microRNAs that target the 3\u2032 untranslated region of the IFN-\u03b3 gene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>S. pneumoniae and S. aureus, but not P. aeruginosa and E. coli, induce emigrated neutrophils to produce IFN-\u03b3 within 24 hours. Hck\/Fgr\/Lyn, Rac2, and NADPH oxidase are required for IFN-\u03b3 production. IFN-\u03b3 facilitates bacterial clearance at least in part through regulating formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Differential expression by neutrophils of microRNAs that target the 3\u2032 untranslated region of the IFN-\u03b3 gene may contribute to the pathogen-specific regulation of translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201004-0592oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,17]],"date-time":"2010-12-17T23:18:15Z","timestamp":1292627895000},"page":"1391-1401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Interferon-\u03b3 Production by Neutrophils during Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Airways Disease, Department of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Airways Disease, Department of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline E.","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford A.","family":"Lowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Dinauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herman B. 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