{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:10:29Z","timestamp":1792728629522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, for which no specific treatment or vaccine is currently available. We have previously shown that RSV induces reactive oxygen species in cultured cells and oxidative injury in the lungs of experimentally infected mice. The mechanism(s) of RSV-induced oxidative stress in vivo is not known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure changes of lung antioxidant enzymes expression\/activity and activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme gene expression, in mice and in infants with naturally acquired RSV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1), SOD 2, SOD 3, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase, as well as Nrf2 expression, were measured in murine bronchoalveolar lavage, cell extracts of conductive airways, and\/or in human nasopharyngeal secretions by Western blot and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Antioxidant enzyme activity and markers of oxidative cell injury were measured in either murine bronchoalveolar lavage or nasopharyngeal secretions by colorimetric\/immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RSV infection induced a significant decrease in the expression and\/or activity of SOD, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase in murine lungs and in the airways of children with severe bronchiolitis. Markers of oxidative damage correlated with severity of clinical illness in RSV-infected infants. Nrf2 expression was also significantly reduced in the lungs of viral-infected mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RSV infection induces significant down-regulation of the airway antioxidant system in vivo, likely resulting in lung oxidative damage. Modulation of oxidative stress may pave the way toward important advances in the therapeutic approach of RSV-induced acute lung disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201010-1755oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]],"date-time":"2011-03-04T22:43:57Z","timestamp":1299278637000},"page":"1550-1560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Viral-mediated Inhibition of Antioxidant Enzymes Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Yashoda M.","family":"Hosakote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Jantzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana L.","family":"Esham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health"},{"name":"Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kurosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Casola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"},{"name":"Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto P.","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"},{"name":"Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB1","first-page":"1545","volume-title":"Lancet","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB2","first-page":"629","volume-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB3","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB4","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Free Radic Biol Med","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB5","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Trends Mol Med","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB6","first-page":"1055","volume-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB7","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Thorax","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB8","first-page":"19715","volume-title":"J Biol Chem","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB9","first-page":"2461","volume-title":"J Biol Chem","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB10","first-page":"1361","volume-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB11","first-page":"348","volume-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB12","first-page":"1199","volume-title":"Free Radic Biol Med","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB13"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB14","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Acta Med Okayama","year":"1978"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB15","first-page":"602","volume-title":"Am.J.Resp.Cell Mol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB16","first-page":"14992","volume-title":"J Virol","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB17","first-page":"972","volume-title":"J Clin Invest","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB18","first-page":"1433","volume-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB19","first-page":"L399","volume-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB20","first-page":"3521","volume-title":"Electrophoresis","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB21","first-page":"2482","volume-title":"Anal Chem","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB22","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB23","first-page":"3434","volume-title":"Electrophoresis","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB24","first-page":"1248","volume-title":"J Clin Invest","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB25","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB26","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Eur J Pharmacol","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB27","first-page":"456","volume-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB28","first-page":"641","volume-title":"Free Radic Biol Med","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB29","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Virology","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB30","first-page":"1199","volume-title":"J Infect Dis","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB31","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Virology","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB32","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Exp Lung Res","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB33","first-page":"2448","volume-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB34","first-page":"L69","volume-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB35","first-page":"454","volume-title":"Free Radic Biol Med","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB36","first-page":"1085","volume-title":"Free Radic Res","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB37","first-page":"1256","volume-title":"J Appl Physiol","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB38","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Exp Mol Pathol","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB39","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Am J Pathol","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB40","first-page":"1301","volume-title":"Free Radic Biol Med","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB41","first-page":"L148","volume-title":"Am J Physiol","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB42","first-page":"5587","volume-title":"J Immunol","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB43","first-page":"596","volume-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB44","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Chest","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB45","first-page":"8578","volume-title":"Cancer Res","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB46","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB47","first-page":"1304","volume-title":"Free Radic Biol Med","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB48","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB49","first-page":"673","volume-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB50","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Dis Markers","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB51","first-page":"2237","volume-title":"FASEB J","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB52","first-page":"393","volume-title":"J Infect Dis","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB53","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026032101305062900_BIB54","first-page":"905","volume-title":"Nat Med","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/183\/11\/1550\/67305454\/ajrccm_183_11_1550.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/183\/11\/1550\/67305454\/ajrccm_183_11_1550.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:30:57Z","timestamp":1774071057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/183\/11\/1550\/8514908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201010-1755oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}}}