{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:06:43Z","timestamp":1791320803257,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In experimental pneumonia, nebulization of antibiotics provides high lung tissue concentrations and rapid bacterial killing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of nebulized ceftazidime and amikacin in ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included in a randomized comparative phase II trial. Twenty patients infected with susceptible or intermediate strains received nebulized ceftazidime (15 mg\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b73 h\u22121) and amikacin (25 mg\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7d\u22121). Seventeen patients infected with susceptible strains received intravenous ceftazidime (90 mg\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7d\u22121, continuous administration) and amikacin (15 mg\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7d\u22121). In three patients infected with intermediate strains, amikacin was replaced by ciprofloxacin (400 mg\u00b712 h\u22121).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 8 days of antibiotic administration, aerosol and intravenous groups were similar in terms of successful treatment (70 vs. 55%), treatment failure (15 vs. 30%), and superinfection with other microorganisms (15 vs. 15%). Antibiotic-induced changes in lung aeration, determined by computed tomography, were not different between groups (increase in gas volume, 159 \u00b1 460 vs. 251 \u00b1 583 ml; decrease in tissue volume, \u201358 [\u201377, 25] vs. \u201389 [\u2013139, 5] ml). Acquisition of per-treatment antibiotic resistance was observed exclusively in the intravenous group. In the aerosol group, four patients infected with intermediate strains were successfully treated. Nebulization induced an obstruction of the expiratory filter in three patients. The obstruction caused cardiac arrest in one patient, who fully recovered after brief cardiopulmonary resuscitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nebulization and intravenous infusion of ceftazidime and amikacin provide similar efficiency for treating ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nebulization is efficient against intermediate strains and may prevent per-treatment acquisition of antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1894oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,7]],"date-time":"2011-04-07T23:08:44Z","timestamp":1302217724000},"page":"106-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Nebulized Ceftazidime and Amikacin in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Caused by\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit Pierre Viars, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital das Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Aymard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Rouby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit Pierre Viars, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032101181264000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.3.9703014","article-title":"Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in ventilated patients: relapse or reinfection?","volume":"157","author":"Rello","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032101181264000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.1019","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"109","author":"Crouch Brewer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032101181264000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01681.x","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance and therapeutic options at the turn of the new millennium","volume":"13","author":"Mesaros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026032101181264000_bib4","first-page":"472","article-title":"[Surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity to antibiotics in France and distribution of \u03b2-lactam resistance mechanisms: 1998 GERPB study] [article in French]","volume":"48","author":"Cavallo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"2026032101181264000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.10.1353","article-title":"Nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiology and treatment options","volume":"25","author":"Obritsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2026032101181264000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.10.1127","article-title":"Health and economic outcomes of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"159","author":"Carmeli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026032101181264000_bib7","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Inhaled antibiotic therapy. 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