{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:24:05Z","timestamp":1793658245392,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residents and area workers who inhaled dust and fumes from the World Trade Center disaster reported lower respiratory symptoms in two World Trade Center Health Registry surveys (2003\u20132004 and 2006\u20132007), but lung function data were lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the relationship between persistent respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in a nested case\u2013control study of exposed adult residents and area workers 7\u20138 years after September 11, 2001.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Registrants reporting post September 11th onset of a lower respiratory symptom in the first survey and the same symptom in the second survey were solicited as potential cases. Registrants without lower respiratory symptoms in either Registry survey were solicited as potential control subjects. Final case\u2013control status was determined by lower respiratory symptoms at a third interview (the study), when spirometry and impulse oscillometry were also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 180 cases and 473 control subjects. Cases were more likely than control subjects to have abnormal spirometry (19% vs. 11%; P &amp;lt; 0.05), and impulse oscillometry measurements of elevated airway resistance (R5; 68% vs. 27%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and frequency dependence of resistance (R5\u201320; 36% vs. 7%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). When spirometry was normal, cases were more likely than control subjects to have elevated R5 and R5\u201320 (62% vs. 25% and 27% vs. 6%, respectively; both P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Associations between symptoms and oscillometry held when factors significant in bivariate comparisons (body mass index, spirometry, and exposures) were analyzed using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study links persistent respiratory symptoms and oscillometric abnormalities in World Trade Center\u2013exposed residents and area workers. Elevated R5 and R5\u201320 in cases despite normal spirometry suggested distal airway dysfunction as a mechanism for symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1909oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,4]],"date-time":"2011-06-04T00:48:21Z","timestamp":1307148501000},"page":"582-589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Case\u2013Control Study of Lung Function in World Trade Center Health Registry Area Residents and Workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carey B.","family":"Maslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New 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