{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:19:52Z","timestamp":1790803192247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by bronchoalveolar neutrophilia and submucosal lymphocytosis. We hypothesized that Th17 lymphocytes are part of this submucosal infiltrate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantification and phenotyping of the lymphocytic infiltrate in the bronchial submucosa of patients with CF (n = 53, of which 20 were newly diagnosed), non-CF bronchiectasis (n = 17), and healthy control subjects (n = 13).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured IL-17 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and CD4+, CD8+, and IL-17+ cell counts in endobronchial biopsies. Correlations were made with infection status and other inflammatory markers. Potential cellular sources of IL-17 were determined by double staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-17+ cell counts (median [interquartile range] cells\/mm2) were significantly higher in patients with established CF (205 [115\u2013551]) and non-CF bronchiectasis (245 [183\u2013436]) than in control subjects (53 [12\u201382]) (P &amp;lt; 0.01 for both). Patients with newly diagnosed CF had intermediate counts (171 [91\u2013252]). IL-17\u2013positive CD4+ T cells, \u03b3\u03b4T cells, natural killer T cells, and neutrophils were identified. Bronchoalveolar lavage IL-17 levels (pg\/ml) were highest in established CF (14.6 [2.2\u201338.4]), low in newly diagnosed CF and control subjects (1.7 [1.7\u20131.74]; 1.7 [1.7\u20133]), and intermediate in non-CF bronchiectasis (9.1 [1.7\u201334] pg\/ml) (Kruskal-Wallis P = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between IL-17 and neutrophil counts (P &amp;lt; 0.001, R = 0.6) as well as IL-4 (P &amp;lt; 0.001, R = 0.84).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Th17 lymphocytes are present in the airway submucosa in CF, even in a young, newly diagnosed group. Other IL-17+ cells include neutrophils, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, and natural killer T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201102-0236oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,7]],"date-time":"2011-04-07T23:08:44Z","timestamp":1302217724000},"page":"252-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["The Th17 Pathway in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Hui-Leng","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Leukocyte Biology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Regamey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, 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