{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:29:53Z","timestamp":1782872993011,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Innate immune responses marked by increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 have been associated with asthma but whether such alterations are evident before symptoms is not yet clear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if prevalence of childhood asthma or asthma-related traits is predicted by perinatal innate immune status and if maternal factors related to pregnancy influence asthma prevalence and innate immune status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Tucson Infant Immune Study (a nonselected birth cohort), presence of eczema and wheezing in the child's first year and physician-diagnosed asthma through age 9 and asthma in the parents was obtained from parent-completed questionnaires. TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were measured in supernatants of LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells at birth and 3 months as was TNF-\u03b1 in plasma. TNF-\u03b1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by Sequenom. Percent predicted FEV1\/FVC was measured at age 9. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and prepregnancy weight were ascertained from medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with persistently elevated LPS-induced TNF-\u03b1 at birth and 3 months were at increased risk for childhood asthma (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; confidence interval [CI], 1.9\u20138.8; n = 233; P = 0.0003) and had decreased FEV1\/FVC ratios at age 9. Children with mothers in the top tertile for pregnancy weight gain had increased risk for asthma (OR, 3.4; CI, 1.7\u20136.9; n = 225; P = 0.001) and persistently elevated TNF-\u03b1 in early life (OR, 2.9; CI, 1.4\u20138.2; n = 195; P = 0.013). These relations were independent of maternal asthma and rhinitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistently elevated LPS-induced TNF-\u03b1 production early in life acts as a predictive biomarker for childhood asthma, and excess pregnancy weight gain in the mother seems to contribute to both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1265oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T07:45:01Z","timestamp":1369295101000},"page":"35-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Perinatal Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Production, Influenced by Maternal Pregnancy Weight Gain, Predicts Childhood Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Halonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology"},{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center"},{"name":"Bio5 Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Carla","family":"Lohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center"},{"name":"Bio5 Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra A.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center"},{"name":"Bio5 Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney L.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center"},{"name":"Bio5 Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Rothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center"},{"name":"Bio5 Research Institute"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Respiratory Center"},{"name":"Bio5 Research 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