{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:04:56Z","timestamp":1787162696490,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower socioeconomic status (SES) confers a heightened risk of common cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and increased mortality. The association of SES with outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is less clear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the association between SES and outcomes in patients with PAH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prospective cohort study at a national referral center for patients with PAH in China. Two hundred sixty-two consecutive incident patients aged 18 to 65 years with a diagnosis of idiopathic PAH were recruited between January 2007 and June 2011 and followed up until November 2011. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. An SES score for each patient was derived from their educational level, annual household income, occupation, and medical reimbursement rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with a lower SES had higher unadjusted mortality rates, with 3-year survival estimates of 50.1, 70.8, and 86.0% in increasing tertiles of SES (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.001). After adjustment for clinical features, hemodynamics, and type of PAH treatment, the hazard ratios for death were 2.98 (95% confidence interval, 1.51\u20135.89) in the lowest tertile of SES and 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.89\u20133.63) in the middle tertile of SES compared with the upper tertile (P for trend = 0.006).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A lower SES is strongly associated with a higher risk of death in idiopathic PAH. This association was independent of clinical characteristics, hemodynamics, and treatment. Addressing the health disparities associated with a lower SES may improve the outcomes of patients with PAH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1290oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]],"date-time":"2012-12-07T03:00:58Z","timestamp":1354849258000},"page":"303-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Lower Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Worse Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Wen-Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Hua","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ling","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Ming","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan Univeristy, Shanghai, China; 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