{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:38:01Z","timestamp":1774078681167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) is characterized by greater than 10% eosinophilia and is frequently associated with air and\/or blood in the pleural cavity. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), defined as the spontaneous presence of air in the pleural space, is one of the most common causes of EPE. Recent studies have shown that type 2 immune responses play important roles in eosinophilic airway inflammation resulting in pleural pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the predominant immune responses associated with PSP in humans, and to examine whether IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), or type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-mediated immune responses are associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eosinophil-associated cytokines were measured in the pleural fluid of patients with PSP and control subjects. Th2 cell and ILC2 responses in the pleural cavity and peripheral blood were also evaluated by in vitro restimulation and intracellular cytokine staining of T cells and ILC2s in patients with PSP (n = 62) and control subjects (n = 33). IL-33\u2013mediated IL-5 production by ILC2s was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significantly higher concentrations of IL-5 and eotaxin-3 were detected in the pleural fluid of patients with PSP, in addition to significantly higher concentrations of IL-33 and TSLP. Although IL-5 production was induced by IL-33 treatment of ILC2s, other Th2 cell\u2013mediated immune responses were not detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that innate immune responses characterized by the production of IL-33, TSLP, and IL-5 are associated with the development of EPE in PSP by an ILC2-dependent and Th2-independent mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0295oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T15:18:35Z","timestamp":1372691915000},"page":"577-585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Innate Type 2 Immunity Is Associated with Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion in Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Bo-In","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seokchan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kihyuk","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Hye","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Eulji Medi-Bio Research Institute, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Joo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hyo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of 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