{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:47:48Z","timestamp":1791280068911,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited prior data suggest an association between traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in adults. No published studies assess the effect of long-term exposures to particulate matter less than 2.5 \u03bcm in diameter (PM2.5) on adult incident asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the association between ambient air pollution exposures (PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and development of asthma and incident respiratory symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Sister Study is a U.S. cohort study of risk factors for breast cancer and other health outcomes (n = 50,884) in sisters of women with breast cancer (enrollment, 2003\u20132009). Annual average (2006) ambient PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated at participants\u2019 addresses, using a national land-use\/kriging model incorporating roadway information. Outcomes at follow-up (2008\u20132012) included incident self-reported wheeze, chronic cough, and doctor-diagnosed asthma in women without baseline symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjusted analyses included 254 incident cases of asthma, 1,023 of wheeze, and 1,559 of chronic cough. For an interquartile range (IQR) difference (3.6 \u03bcg\/m3) in estimated PM2.5 exposure, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99\u20131.46, P = 0.063) for incident asthma and 1.14 (95% CI = 1.04\u20131.26, P = 0.008) for incident wheeze. For NO2, there was evidence for an association with incident wheeze (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00\u20131.17, P = 0.048 per IQR of 5.8 ppb). Neither pollutant was significantly associated with incident cough (PM2.5: aOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.88\u20131.03, P = 0.194; NO2: aOR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.93\u20131.07, P = 0.939).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of developing asthma and that PM2.5 and NO2 increase the risk of developing wheeze, the cardinal symptom of asthma, in adult women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0525oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,30]],"date-time":"2014-08-30T02:00:36Z","timestamp":1409364036000},"page":"914-921","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Adult Asthma in a Nationwide Cohort of U.S. Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale P.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"DeRoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; 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