{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:12:27Z","timestamp":1792300347520,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe acute respiratory failure (ARF) in adults is growing rapidly given recent advances in technology, even though there is controversy regarding the evidence justifying its use. Because ECMO is a complex, high-risk, and costly modality, at present it should be conducted in centers with sufficient experience, volume, and expertise to ensure it is used safely. This position paper represents the consensus opinion of an international group of physicians and associated health-care workers who have expertise in therapeutic modalities used in the treatment of patients with severe ARF, with a focus on ECMO. The aim of this paper is to provide physicians, ECMO center directors and coordinators, hospital directors, health-care organizations, and regional, national, and international policy makers a description of the optimal approach to organizing ECMO programs for ARF in adult patients. Importantly, this will help ensure that ECMO is delivered safely and proficiently, such that future observational and randomized clinical trials assessing this technique may be performed by experienced centers under homogeneous and optimal conditions. Given the need for further evidence, we encourage restraint in the widespread use of ECMO until we have a better appreciation for both the potential clinical applications and the optimal techniques for performing ECMO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201404-0630cp","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,25]],"date-time":"2014-07-25T15:52:17Z","timestamp":1406303537000},"page":"488-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":452,"title":["Position Paper for the Organization of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Programs for Acute Respiratory Failure in Adult Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Alain","family":"Combes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2013Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Pierre Marie Curie University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Brower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"De Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasme Hospital, Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Fortenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Gattinoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"MacLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Mercat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Angers, Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ogino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alfred Hospital and Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pesenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. 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