{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T10:54:53Z","timestamp":1794048893364,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) are a group of pathophysiologically heterogenous processes that are characterized by the presence of multiple spherical or irregularly shaped, thin-walled, air-filled spaces within the pulmonary parenchyma. Although the mechanisms of cyst formation remain incompletely defined for all DCLDs, in most cases lung remodeling associated with inflammatory or infiltrative processes results in displacement, destruction, or replacement of alveolar septa, distal airways, and small vessels within the secondary lobules of the lung. The DCLDs can be broadly classified according to underlying etiology as those caused by low-grade or high-grade metastasizing neoplasms, polyclonal or monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorders, infections, interstitial lung diseases, smoking, and congenital or developmental defects. In the first of a two-part series, we present an overview of the cystic lung diseases caused by neoplasms, infections, smoking-related diseases, and interstitial lung diseases, with a focus on lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-2094ci","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,23]],"date-time":"2015-04-23T13:02:18Z","timestamp":1429794138000},"page":"1354-1366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Diffuse Cystic Lung Disease. Part I"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Nishant","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Wikenheiser-Brokamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis X.","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","article-title":"Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging","volume":"246","author":"Hansell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58709","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis - a wolf in sheep\u2019s clothing","volume":"122","author":"Henske","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201205-0848OE","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: calling it what it is: a low-grade, destructive, metastasizing neoplasm","volume":"186","author":"McCormack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055323","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"355","author":"Crino","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6085","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.11.6085","article-title":"Mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex gene TSC2 are a cause of sporadic pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"97","author":"Carsillo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.2005004","article-title":"The spectrum of mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 in women with tuberous sclerosis and lymphangiomyomatosis","volume":"163","author":"Strizheva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.4065\/75.6.591","article-title":"High frequency of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in women with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"75","author":"Costello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2101154","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"164","author":"Moss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2011025","article-title":"Mutational and radiographic analysis of pulmonary disease consistent with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia in women with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"164","author":"Franz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.065342","article-title":"TSC1 and TSC2 mutations in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"46","author":"Muzykewicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.02.009","article-title":"Radiological evidence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis in female and male patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"66","author":"Adriaensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1408CR","article-title":"Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a karyotypically normal man without tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"176","author":"Schiavina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000086720","article-title":"The association of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis with renal and hepatic angiomyolipomas in a prepubertal girl: a previously unreported entity","volume":"74","author":"Ciftci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00076506","article-title":"An 86-year-old female with lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"28","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcr116","article-title":"Use of variability in national and regional data to estimate the prevalence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"104","author":"Harknett","year":"2011","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78872-3","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberous sclerosis estimated by capture-recapture analysis","volume":"351","author":"O\u2019Callaghan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2813","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis screening in women with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"144","author":"Cudzilo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1086\/301804","article-title":"Evidence that lymphangiomyomatosis is caused by TSC2 mutations: chromosome 16p13 loss of heterozygosity in angiomyolipomas and lymph nodes from women with lymphangiomyomatosis","volume":"62","author":"Smolarek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.3.212","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations of tuberous sclerosis in first degree relatives","volume":"44","author":"Slingerland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10252","article-title":"Metastasis of benign tumor cells in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"38","author":"Henske","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80657-1","article-title":"gigas, a Drosophila homolog of tuberous sclerosis gene product-2, regulates the cell cycle","volume":"96","author":"Ito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00332-4","article-title":"The Drosophila tuberous sclerosis complex gene homologs restrict cell growth and cell proliferation","volume":"105","author":"Tapon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014769108","article-title":"Mammalian target of rapamycin up-regulation of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 is critical for aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth","volume":"108","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70090-0","article-title":"Serum VEGF-D a concentration as a biomarker of lymphangioleiomyomatosis severity and treatment response: a prospective analysis of the Multicenter International Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Efficacy of Sirolimus (MILES) trial","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0573","article-title":"Serum vascular endothelial growth factor-D prospectively distinguishes lymphangioleiomyomatosis from other diseases","volume":"138","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0707517","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of serum VEGF-D for lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"358","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib27","first-page":"348","article-title":"Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis: a review","volume":"79","author":"Corrin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000126859.70814.6d","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: its implication in the progression of lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"28","author":"Kumasaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000172192.25295.45","article-title":"Lymphangiogenesis-mediated shedding of LAM cell clusters as a mechanism for dissemination in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"29","author":"Kumasaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0124OC","article-title":"Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 downregulation in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: potential consequence of abnormal serum response factor expression","volume":"28","author":"Zhe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib31","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the lungs of patients with diffuse alveolar damage and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"149","author":"Hayashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib32","first-page":"930","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in pulmonary Langerhans\u2019 cell granulomatosis","volume":"121","author":"Hayashi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131080","article-title":"Estradiol and mTORC2 cooperate to enhance prostaglandin biosynthesis and tumorigenesis in TSC2-deficient LAM cells","volume":"211","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810790106","article-title":"Estrogen promotes the survival and pulmonary metastasis of tuberin-null cells","volume":"106","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309110110","article-title":"Integration of mTOR and estrogen-ERK2 signaling in lymphangioleiomyomatosis pathogenesis","volume":"110","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02316.x","article-title":"PEComa: what do we know so far?","volume":"48","author":"Hornick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318235edbd","article-title":"Prevalence of uterine and adnexal involvement in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a clinicopathologic study of 10 patients","volume":"35","author":"Hayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.67.311","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): a review of clinical and morphological features","volume":"67","author":"Ferrans","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.3.3693","article-title":"Markers of cell proliferation and expression of melanosomal antigen in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"21","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-014-1559-9","article-title":"In pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis expression of progesterone receptor is frequently higher than that of estrogen receptor","volume":"464","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00093111","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: characteristics in 20 patients","volume":"40","author":"Cottin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200910-1553OC","article-title":"Screening for lymphangioleiomyomatosis by high-resolution computed tomography in young, nonsmoking women presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax is cost-effective","volume":"181","author":"Hagaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.001","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update: recommendations of the 2012 Iinternational Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference","volume":"49","author":"Northrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.002","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex surveillance and management: recommendations of the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference","volume":"49","author":"Krueger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0669","article-title":"Frequency of undiagnosed cystic lung disease in patients with sporadic renal angiomyolipomas","volume":"141","author":"Ryu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00076209","article-title":"European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"35","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.06.012","article-title":"Bronchoscopic diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"106","author":"Harari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-012-0231-5","article-title":"Utility of transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"6","author":"Meraj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1159\/000325340","article-title":"Cytologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cell clusters in chylous effusions of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"53","author":"Mitani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0336","article-title":"Utility of [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-PET in sporadic and tuberous sclerosis-associated lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"136","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00838.x","article-title":"Renal angiomyolipomata","volume":"66","author":"Bissler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61767-X","article-title":"Everolimus for angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (EXIST-2): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"381","author":"Bissler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-3034","article-title":"Pneumothorax after air travel in lymphangioleiomyomatosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and sarcoidosis","volume":"136","author":"Taveira-DaSilva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.058537","article-title":"Air travel in women with lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"62","author":"Pollock-BarZiv","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0624","article-title":"Reversible airflow obstruction in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"136","author":"Taveira-DaSilva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.5.1274","article-title":"Management of pneumothorax in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: effects on recurrence and lung transplantation complications","volume":"129","author":"Almoosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610243351704","article-title":"Lung transplantation for lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"335","author":"Boehler","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2004.09.013","article-title":"The US experience with lung transplantation for pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"24","author":"Kpodonu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2008.09.014","article-title":"Lung transplantation for lymphangioleiomyomatosis: the European experience","volume":"28","author":"Benden","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0898","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a clinical update","volume":"133","author":"McCormack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.12.1052","article-title":"Clinical experience of lymphangioleiomyomatosis in the UK","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.023283","article-title":"Survival and disease progression in UK patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"59","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-66","article-title":"Is sirolimus a therapeutic option for patients with progressive pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis?","volume":"12","author":"Neurohr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199909000-00004","article-title":"Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. A study of 69 patients. Groupe d\u2019Etudes et de Recherche sur les Maladies \u201cOrphelines\u201d Pulmonaires (GERM\u201dO\u201dP)","volume":"78","author":"Urban","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib65","first-page":"276","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"13","author":"Taveira-DaSilva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Contr"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.9901027","article-title":"Decline in lung function in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: relation to menopause and progesterone treatment","volume":"160","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.6.1867","article-title":"Decline in lung function in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis treated with or without progesterone","volume":"126","author":"Taveira-DaSilva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100391","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"364","author":"McCormack","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2013.03.002","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose sirolimus for treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"51","author":"Ando","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-00007","article-title":"Changes in lung function and chylous effusions in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis treated with sirolimus","volume":"154","author":"Taveira-DaSilva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib71","first-page":"714","article-title":"Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: recurrence after lung transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Nine","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.6.7767554","article-title":"Lymphangiomyomatosis recurrence in the allograft after single-lung transplantation","volume":"151","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2003.50","article-title":"Recurrence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis after single lung transplantation: new insights into pathogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Bittmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012087","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of pulmonary Langerhans\u2019-cell histiocytosis in adults","volume":"346","author":"Vassallo","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib75","first-page":"132","article-title":"A prospective clinical multicentre study on adult pulmonary Langerhans\u2019 cell histiocytosis","volume":"29","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.3.1028","article-title":"Pneumothorax in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"125","author":"Mendez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.6.611","article-title":"Role of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the pathogenesis of adult pulmonary histiocytosis X","volume":"51","author":"Tazi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(83)80160-9","article-title":"Histiocytosis X in the lung","volume":"14","author":"Colby","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3511","article-title":"Evidence that Langerhans cells in adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis are mature dendritic cells: importance of the cytokine microenvironment","volume":"163","author":"Tazi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000195796","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis with anti-T6 monoclonal antibody in the evaluation of diffuse lung diseases","volume":"56","author":"Xaubet","year":"1989","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912775","article-title":"Tissue localization of transforming growth factor-beta1 in pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma","volume":"154","author":"Asakura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080689","article-title":"Essential role of osteopontin in smoking-related interstitial lung diseases","volume":"174","author":"Prasse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00132007","article-title":"Pathomechanisms of cyst formation in pulmonary light chain deposition disease","volume":"32","author":"Colombat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-429597","article-title":"BRAFV600E mutant protein is expressed in cells of variable maturation in Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"120","author":"Sahm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-577361","article-title":"High prevalence of somatic MAP2K1 mutations in BRAF V600E-negative Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"124","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-511139","article-title":"Somatic activating ARAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"123","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199310000-00002","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis X): a clinicopathologic study of 48 cases","volume":"17","author":"Travis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00210711","article-title":"Serial computed tomography and lung function testing in pulmonary Langerhans\u2019 cell histiocytosis","volume":"40","author":"Tazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.172.1.2787036","article-title":"Pulmonary histiocytosis X: evaluation with high-resolution CT","volume":"172","author":"Brauner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000021","article-title":"Utility of bronchoscopy in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"20","author":"Baqir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1899","article-title":"Abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose PET in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"135","author":"Krajicek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1452","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans\u2019 cell histiocytosis: radiologic resolution following smoking cessation","volume":"115","author":"Mogulkoc","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.108944","article-title":"Progressive diffuse pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis improved by cladribine chemotherapy","volume":"64","author":"Lazor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.186.9.930","article-title":"Cladribine is effective against cystic pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"186","author":"Lorillon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-014-0191-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of cladribine therapy in patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"9","author":"Grobost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-72","article-title":"Management of adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of Euro-Histio-Net","volume":"8","author":"Girschikofsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e441","DOI":"10.14694\/EdBook_AM.2014.34.e441","article-title":"Biological and therapeutic implications of the BRAF pathway in histiocytic disorders","author":"Arceci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208958","article-title":"Progression of RAS-mutant leukemia during RAF inhibitor treatment","volume":"367","author":"Callahan","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2490","article-title":"Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: clinical characteristics and impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies","volume":"142","author":"Le Pavec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27672","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: a single-center study of thirty-four patients and a review of the literature","volume":"62","author":"Arnaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199605000-00005","article-title":"Erdheim-Chester disease. Clinical and radiologic characteristics of 59 cases","volume":"75","author":"Veyssier-Belot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-430140","article-title":"High prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations in Erdheim-Chester disease but not in other non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses","volume":"120","author":"Haroche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-446286","article-title":"Dramatic efficacy of vemurafenib in both multisystemic and refractory Erdheim-Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis harboring the BRAF V600E mutation","volume":"121","author":"Haroche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.1950","article-title":"Reproducible and sustained efficacy of targeted therapy with vemurafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-mutated Erdheim-Chester disease","volume":"33","author":"Haroche","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2292","article-title":"A comprehensive review of spontaneous pneumothorax complicating sarcoma","volume":"138","author":"Hoag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.6.1801671","article-title":"Metastatic angiosarcoma of the lung: spectrum of CT findings","volume":"180","author":"Tateishi","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200204000-00005","article-title":"Endometrial stromal sarcoma metastatic to the lung: a detailed analysis of 16 patients","volume":"26","author":"Aubry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198902000-00006","article-title":"Pulmonary metastases in patients with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Clinicopathologic findings with immunohistochemical characterization","volume":"13","author":"Abrams","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900415)65:8<1805::AID-CNCR2820650823>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Cystic pulmonary metastatic sarcoma","volume":"65","author":"Traweek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181484165","article-title":"Type I pleuropulmonary blastoma: pathology and biology study of 51 cases from the international pleuropulmonary blastoma registry","volume":"32","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.124087","article-title":"Cystic and cavitary lung lesions in children: radiologic findings with pathologic correlation","volume":"3","author":"Odev","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970701)80:1<147::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a clinicopathologic study of 50 cases","volume":"80","author":"Priest","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.1.256","article-title":"A 35-year-old woman with asthma and polycystic lung disease","volume":"121","author":"Ioachimescu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325162","article-title":"Diffuse lung diseases in cigarette smokers","volume":"33","author":"Vassallo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17101220","article-title":"Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases: a concise review","volume":"17","author":"Ryu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2011.11.004","article-title":"Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases","volume":"33","author":"Vassallo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.4.333","article-title":"Serial computed tomographic evaluation in desquamative interstitial pneumonia","volume":"52","author":"Akira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.3.8497631","article-title":"Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: thin-section CT findings in 22 patients","volume":"187","author":"Hartman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib119","first-page":"A1396","article-title":"Smoking related small airway involvement presenting as diffuse multicystic lung disease: a new lymphangioleiomyomatosis mimic [abstract]","volume":"191","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.172.5.10227507","article-title":"The changing face of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients","volume":"172","author":"Boiselle","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.3.8352098","article-title":"Lung cysts associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: radiographic characteristics, natural history, and complications","volume":"161","author":"Chow","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-009-9214-y","article-title":"Radiological features of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with and without AIDS","volume":"188","author":"Hardak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1680-0","article-title":"Radiological findings of community-acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus pediatric pneumonia in Hawaii","volume":"40","author":"Erdem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.135.3.593","article-title":"Multiple, thin-walled cystic lesions of the lung","volume":"135","author":"Godwin","year":"1980","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.4065\/78.6.744","article-title":"Cystic and cavitary lung diseases: focal and diffuse","volume":"78","author":"Ryu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib126","first-page":"46","article-title":"Multiple cystic lung diseases","volume":"54","author":"Cordier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir Mon"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2008.01421.x","article-title":"Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Ruan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000173155.57491.2a","article-title":"Tracheal, bronchial, and pulmonary papillomatosis in children","volume":"115","author":"Soldatski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(03)00191-5","article-title":"Lower airway papillomatosis in children","volume":"67","author":"Zawadzka-G\u0142os","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.9.1039","article-title":"American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members\u2019 experience with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and the use of adjuvant therapy","volume":"130","author":"Schraff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000168601.85837.64","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography findings of P. westermani","volume":"20","author":"Kuroki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.185.3.01850616","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis: CT findings in 31 patients","volume":"185","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.1.1609718","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis: radiologic findings in 71 patients","volume":"159","author":"Im","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.514","article-title":"Clinicoradiologic features of pleuropulmonary Paragonimus westermani on Kyusyu Island, Japan","volume":"120","author":"Mukae","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200307000-00003","article-title":"Lung cysts in subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis","volume":"27","author":"Franquet","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"2026032100221158400_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2453061881","article-title":"Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: differentiation from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia by using thin-section CT","volume":"246","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/191\/12\/1354\/67285332\/ajrccm_191_12_1354.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/191\/12\/1354\/67285332\/ajrccm_191_12_1354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:22:33Z","timestamp":1774066953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/191\/12\/1354\/8505012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201411-2094ci","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}}}