{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:03:12Z","timestamp":1788850992641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["096822\/Z\/11\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["096822\/Z\/11\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schistosomiasis is a major cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type-II receptor (BMPR-II) are the commonest genetic cause of PAH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether Bmpr2+\/\u2212 mice are more susceptible to schistosomiasis-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wild-type (WT) and Bmpr2+\/\u2212 mice were infected percutaneously with Schistosoma mansoni. At 17 weeks postinfection, right ventricular systolic pressure and liver and lung egg counts were measured. Serum, lung and liver cytokine, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and liver histology were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By 17 weeks postinfection, there was a significant increase in pulmonary vascular remodeling in infected mice. This was greater in Bmpr2+\/\u2212 mice and was associated with an increase in egg deposition and cytokine expression, which induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation, in the lungs of these mice. Interestingly, Bmpr2+\/\u2212 mice demonstrated dilatation of the hepatic central vein at baseline and postinfection, compared with WT. Bmpr2+\/\u2212 mice also showed significant dilatation of the liver sinusoids and an increase in inflammatory cells surrounding the central hepatic vein, compared with WT. This is consistent with an increase in the transhepatic passage of eggs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has shown that levels of BMPR-II expression modify the pulmonary vascular response to chronic schistosomiasis. The likely mechanism involves the increased passage of eggs to the lungs, caused by altered diameter of the hepatic veins and sinusoids in Bmpr2+\/\u2212 mice. Genetically determined differences in the remodeling of hepatic vessels may represent a new risk factor for PAH associated with schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2262oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T11:23:16Z","timestamp":1440588196000},"page":"1355-1365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hepatic Shunting of Eggs and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in\n                    <i>Bmpr2<\/i>\n                    <i>+\/\u2212<\/i>\n                    Mice with Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5063-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexi","family":"Crosby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Soon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Southwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Haghighat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Toshner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Raine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Horan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiran","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Ormiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. James","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Haight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas W.","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-2806(81)90012-8","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Alpert","year":"1981","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.305","article-title":"Pathogenesis of schistosomal pulmonary arteritis","volume":"19","author":"Andrade","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.8.2.87","article-title":"Bilharzial heart disease in Egypt","volume":"8","author":"Bedford","year":"1946","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.4_MeetingAbstracts.293S-a","article-title":"Treating a case of severe pulmonary hypertension due to schistosomiasis","volume":"130","author":"Chirakalwasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201101-0146OC","article-title":"Praziquantel reverses pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in murine schistosomiasis","volume":"184","author":"Crosby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0355OC","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular remodeling correlates with lung eggs and cytokines in murine schistosomiasis","volume":"181","author":"Crosby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003072","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling promotes pulmonary hypertension caused by Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"128","author":"Graham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100063","article-title":"Schistosomiasis-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension: role of interleukin-13 signaling","volume":"177","author":"Graham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3201.094152","article-title":"Altered growth responses of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with primary pulmonary hypertension to transforming growth factor-beta(1) and bone morphogenetic proteins","volume":"104","author":"Morrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701093360207","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"336","author":"Rubin","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655837","article-title":"Diverse contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension and arterial neointimal formation","volume":"115","author":"Sahara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1086\/303059","article-title":"Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene","volume":"67","author":"Deng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/79226","article-title":"Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Lane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1086\/316947","article-title":"BMPR2 haploinsufficiency as the inherited molecular mechanism for primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"68","author":"Machado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.10.741","article-title":"Sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with germline mutations of the gene encoding BMPR-II, a receptor member of the TGF-beta family","volume":"37","author":"Thomson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000012754.72951.3D","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with reduced pulmonary vascular expression of type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor","volume":"105","author":"Atkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.821504","article-title":"Altered bone morphogenetic protein and transforming growth factor-beta signaling in rat models of pulmonary hypertension: potential for activin receptor-like kinase-5 inhibition in prevention and progression of disease","volume":"119","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.141200","article-title":"Dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein signaling in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"27","author":"Morty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/rr57","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins, genetics and the pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"De Caestecker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305064101","article-title":"IL-13 receptor alpha 2 down-modulates granulomatous inflammation and prolongs host survival in schistosomiasis","volume":"101","author":"Mentink-Kane","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000215809.47923.fd","article-title":"Serotonin increases susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension in BMPR2-deficient mice","volume":"98","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib22","first-page":"328","article-title":"Conditions affecting the accuracy of potassium hydroxide digestion techniques for counting Schistosoma mansoni eggs in tissues","volume":"39","author":"Cheever","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000166926.54293.68","article-title":"Dysfunctional Smad signaling contributes to abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation in familial pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1177\/33.8.2410480","article-title":"A simple micromethod for collagen and total protein determination in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections","volume":"33","author":"Lopez-De Leon","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.736801","article-title":"Genetic ablation of the BMPR2 gene in pulmonary endothelium is sufficient to predispose to pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"118","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-058594","article-title":"Dosage-dependent requirement of BMP type II receptor for maintenance of vascular integrity","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201311-2019IM","article-title":"Better off blue: BMPR-2 mutation, arteriovenous malformation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"189","author":"Soon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1551","article-title":"Endogenous interleukin 12 (IL-12) regulates granuloma formation induced by eggs of Schistosoma mansoni and exogenous IL-12 both inhibits and prophylactically immunizes against egg pathology","volume":"179","author":"Wynn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000700002","article-title":"Experimental models of Schistosoma mansoni infection","volume":"97","author":"Cheever","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1509OC","article-title":"BMPR-II deficiency promotes pulmonary hypertension via increased inflammatory cytokine production","volume":"192","author":"Soon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90424-1","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"90","author":"Barbosa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.803221","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary manifestations of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis","volume":"119","author":"Lapa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700460302","article-title":"The pathogenesis of pulmonary schistosomais in Egypt with special reference to Ayerza\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"Shaw","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(64)90034-3","article-title":"Experimental schistosomiasis","volume":"58","author":"Warren","year":"1964","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1472OC","article-title":"Genetic risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced liver disease","volume":"179","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.04.004","article-title":"Clinical aspects of portopulmonary hypertension","volume":"108","author":"Medarov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-011-0453-y","article-title":"Living-donor liver transplantation for moderate or severe porto-pulmonary hypertension accompanied by pulmonary arterial hypertension: a single-centre experience over 2 decades in Japan","volume":"19","author":"Ogawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00202-X","article-title":"On the increase of portal pressure during the acute and chronic phases of murine schistosomiasis mansoni and its reversibility after treatment with oxamniquine","volume":"89","author":"Costa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761987000300003","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pipe-stem fibrosis of the liver (experimental observation on murine schistosomiasis)","volume":"82","author":"Andrade","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-9020-1","article-title":"Assessment of portal hemodynamics by Doppler ultrasound and of liver morphology in the hepatosplenic and hepatointestinal forms of schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"51","author":"Vezozzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0475-8","article-title":"Endothelial markers in schistosomiasis patients with or without portal hypertension","volume":"54","author":"de Toledo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.035451","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype relationship in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia","volume":"43","author":"Letteboer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02531.x","article-title":"Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: clinical features in ENG and ALK1 mutation carriers","volume":"5","author":"Sabb\u00e0","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hepatic blood flow: morphologic aspects and physiologic regulation","volume":"21","author":"Rappaport","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000053464","article-title":"Pathologically induced alterations in the dimensions of the hepatic portal vasculature of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"94","author":"McHugh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.12.037","article-title":"Transplantation of autologous endothelial progenitor cells may be beneficial in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(90)90414-Y","article-title":"Leaky livers, portal shunting and immunity to schistosomes","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/345018a0","article-title":"Schistosomiasis. The mouse that wasn\u2019t immune","volume":"345","author":"Cox","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032100122678200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(67)90041-X","article-title":"An ultrastructural study of hepatic granulomas and schistosome egg shells in murine hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"7","author":"Stenger","year":"1967","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/192\/11\/1355\/67230859\/ajrccm_192_11_1355.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/192\/11\/1355\/67230859\/ajrccm_192_11_1355.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:12:38Z","timestamp":1774066358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/192\/11\/1355\/8504613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201412-2262oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]}}}