{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:13:31Z","timestamp":1792512811806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["214-2011-M-40852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214-2011-M-40852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54GM104942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM104942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent reports of progressive massive fibrosis and rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis in U.S. coal miners have raised concerns about excessive exposures to coal mine dust, despite reports of declining dust levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the histologic abnormalities and retained dust particles in available coal miner lung pathology specimens, and to compare these findings with those derived from corresponding chest radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Miners with severe disease and available lung tissue were identified through investigator outreach. Demographic as well as smoking and work history information was obtained. Chest radiographs were interpreted according to the International Labor Organization classification scheme to determine if criteria for rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis were confirmed. Pathology slides were scored by three expert pulmonary pathologists using a standardized nomenclature and scoring system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen cases were reviewed, many of which had features of accelerated silicosis and mixed dust lesions. Twelve had progressive massive fibrosis, and 11 had silicosis. Only four had classic lesions of simple coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis. Four had diffuse interstitial fibrosis with chronic inflammation, and two had focal alveolar proteinosis. Polarized light microscopy revealed large amounts of birefringent mineral dust particles consistent with silica and silicates; carbonaceous coal dust was less prominent. On the basis of chest imaging studies, specimens with features of silicosis were significantly associated (P\u2009=\u20090.047) with rounded (type p, q, or r) opacities, whereas grade 3 interstitial fibrosis was associated (P\u2009=\u20090.02) with the presence of irregular (type s, t, or u) opacities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis in these miners was associated with exposure to coal mine dust containing high concentrations of respirable silica and silicates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-1014oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T16:43:01Z","timestamp":1446136981000},"page":"673-680","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Lung Pathology in U.S. Coal Workers with Rapidly Progressive Pneumoconiosis Implicates Silica and Silicates"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Petsonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado"},{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Regier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Najmuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrold L.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Churg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis H. Y.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib1"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib2","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of the ILO international classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses","author":"International Labour Office","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib3","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib4","first-page":"909","article-title":"Advanced cases of coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis\u2014two counties, Virginia, 2006","volume":"55","author":"Antao","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1326","article-title":"Severe occupational pneumoconiosis among West Virginian coal miners: one hundred thirty-eight cases of progressive massive fibrosis compensated between 2000 and 2009","volume":"139","author":"Wade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib6","first-page":"652","article-title":"Advanced pneumoconiosis among working underground coal miners\u2014Eastern Kentucky and Southwestern Virginia, 2006","volume":"56","author":"Attfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.019679","article-title":"Rapidly progressive coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis in the United States: geographic clustering and other factors","volume":"62","author":"Antao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1286LE","article-title":"Resurgence of a debilitating and entirely preventable respiratory disease among working coal miners","volume":"190","author":"Blackley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.047126","article-title":"Pneumoconiosis among underground bituminous coal miners in the United States: is silicosis becoming more frequent?","volume":"67","author":"Laney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib10","first-page":"A5218","article-title":"Lung pathology in coal workers with rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis emphasizes importance of silica and silicates in addition to carbon [abstract]","volume":"189","author":"Najmuddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib11","first-page":"375","article-title":"Pathology standards for coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis: report of the Pneumoconiosis Committee of the College of American Pathologists to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","volume":"103","author":"Kleinerman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib12","first-page":"673","article-title":"Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals","volume":"112","author":"Craighead","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.09.008","article-title":"Proposed criteria for mixed-dust pneumoconiosis: definition, descriptions, and guidelines for pathologic diagnosis and clinical correlation","volume":"35","author":"Honma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2010-0393-OA","article-title":"The influence of dust standards on the prevalence and severity of coal worker\u2019s pneumoconiosis at autopsy in the United States of America","volume":"135","author":"Vallyathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"inhaled particles VI","key":"2026032100020569200_bib15","first-page":"553","article-title":"Interstitial fibrosis in coal workers\u2014experience in Wales and West Virginia","volume":"32","author":"McConnochie","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib16","first-page":"242","article-title":"Detection of silica particles in lung tissue by polarizing light microscopy","volume":"119","author":"McDonald","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2013-0032","article-title":"Case of accelerated silicosis in a sandblaster","volume":"53","author":"Hutyrov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib18","first-page":"336","article-title":"Pneumoconiosis prevalence among working coal miners examined in federal chest radiograph surveillance programs\u2014United States, 1996\u20132002","volume":"52","author":"Pon","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0042CI","article-title":"Coal mine dust lung disease: new lessons from old exposure","volume":"187","author":"Petsonk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000302","article-title":"Debilitating lung disease among surface coal miners with no underground mining tenure","volume":"57","author":"Halldin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib21","first-page":"431","article-title":"Pneumoconiosis and advanced occupational lung disease among surface coal miners\u201416 states, 2010\u20132011","volume":"61","author":"Laney","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib22","first-page":"440","article-title":"Two cases of fatal PMF in an ongoing epidemic of accelerated silicosis in oilfield sandblasters: lung pathology and mineralogy","volume":"41","author":"Abraham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib23","first-page":"459","article-title":"Comparison of radiographic appearances with associated pathology and lung dust content in a group of coalworkers","volume":"41","author":"Ruckley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.3.159","article-title":"Quantitative relations between exposure to respirable quartz and risk of silicosis","volume":"60","author":"Buchanan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.3.8810614","article-title":"Radiographic and pathologic correlation of coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis","volume":"154","author":"Vallyathan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.063594","article-title":"Coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis in the United States: regional differences 40 years after implementation of the 1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act","volume":"68","author":"Suarthana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032100020569200_bib27","first-page":"44","article-title":"Investigation into dust exposures and mining practices in mines in the southern Appalachian region","volume":"62","author":"Pollock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Min Eng"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib28","author":"Bethell"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22030","article-title":"A century of miners\u2019 compensation in South Africa","volume":"55","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1321","article-title":"Artificial stone silicosis: disease resurgence among artificial stone workers","volume":"142","author":"Kramer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1856","article-title":"Silicosis in denim sandblasters","volume":"140","author":"Bakan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.788352","article-title":"Occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica during hydraulic fracturing","volume":"10","author":"Esswein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2026032100020569200_bib33","author":"McWilliams"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/193\/6\/673\/67254924\/ajrccm_193_6_673.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/193\/6\/673\/67254924\/ajrccm_193_6_673.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:02:15Z","timestamp":1774065735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/193\/6\/673\/8508801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201505-1014oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}