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Propensity score analysis, including degree of hypoxia in the model, compared the duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality of patients treated with early HFOV matched with those treated with CMV\/late HFOV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2,449 subjects enrolled in RESTORE, 353 patients (14%) were ever supported on HFOV, of which 210 (59%) had HFOV initiated within 24\u201348 hours of intubation. The propensity score model predicting the probability of receiving early HFOV included 1,064 patients (181 early HFOV vs. 883 CMV\/late HFOV) with significant hypoxia (oxygenation index \u22658). The degree of hypoxia was the most significant contributor to the propensity score model. After adjusting for risk category, early HFOV use was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.64\u20130.89; P\u2009=\u20090.001) but not with mortality (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.92\u20131.79; P\u2009=\u20090.15) compared with CMV\/late HFOV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adjusted models including important oxygenation variables, early HFOV was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation. These analyses make supporting the current approach to HFOV less convincing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1381oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T16:17:16Z","timestamp":1445530636000},"page":"495-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Early High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Failure. 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Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha A. Q.","family":"Curley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing and"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Critical Care Services, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032100013763100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e-332","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31828a89a2","article-title":"Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network; European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care. 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