{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:19:01Z","timestamp":1774077541991,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL107882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL107882"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01 HL107882-2S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01 HL107882-2S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 HL113443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 HL113443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR024143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR024143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH Clinical and Translational Science Center","award":["UL1 TR000457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000457"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP 09-742-3-194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP 09-742-3-194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Waterpipes, also called hookahs, are currently used by millions of people worldwide. Despite the increasing use of waterpipe smoking, there is limited data on the health effects of waterpipe smoking and there are no federal regulations regarding its use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effects of waterpipe smoking on the human lung using clinical and biological parameters in young, light-use waterpipe smokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers in comparison with lifelong nonsmokers using clinical parameters of cough and sputum scores, lung function, and chest high-resolution computed tomography as well as biological parameters of lung epithelial lining fluid metabolome, small airway epithelial (SAE) cell differential and transcriptome, alveolar macrophage transcriptome, and plasma apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with nonsmokers, waterpipe smokers had more cough and sputum as well as a lower lung diffusing capacity, abnormal epithelial lining fluid metabolome profile, increased proportions of SAE secretory and intermediate cells, reduced proportions of SAE ciliated and basal cells, markedly abnormal SAE and alveolar macrophage transcriptomes, and elevated levels of apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers have a variety of abnormalities in multiple lung-related biological and clinical parameters, suggesting that even limited waterpipe use has broad consequences on human lung biology and health. We suggest that large epidemiological studies should be initiated to investigate the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2470oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T12:41:20Z","timestamp":1458736880000},"page":"587-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pulmonary Abnormalities in Young, Light-Use Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Yael","family":"Strulovici-Barel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renat","family":"Shaykhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Salit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic 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