{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:28:50Z","timestamp":1790803730841,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal depression and prenatal and early life stress may influence childhood wheezing illnesses, potentially through effects on immune development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the hypothesis that maternal stress and\/or depression during pregnancy and early life are associated with recurrent wheezing and aeroallergen sensitivity and altered cytokine responses (enhanced type 2 or reduced virus-induced cytokine responses) from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells at age 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>URECA (Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma) is a birth cohort at high risk for asthma (n\u2009=\u2009560) in four inner cities. Maternal stress, depression, and childhood wheezing episodes were assessed by quarterly questionnaires beginning at birth. Logistic and linear regression techniques were used to examine the relation of maternal stress\/depression to recurrent wheezing and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine responses at age 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 166 (36%) children had recurrent wheeze at age 3 years. Measures of maternal perceived stress at Years 2 and 3 were positively associated with recurrent wheeze (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Maternal depression (any year) was significantly associated with recurrent wheezing (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.01). These associations were also significant when considered in a longitudinal analysis of cumulative stress and depression (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.02). Neither stress nor depression was significantly related to aeroallergen sensitization or antiviral responses. Contrary to our original hypothesis, prenatal and Year 1 stress and depression had significant inverse associations with several type 2 cytokine responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In urban children at high risk for asthma, maternal perceived stress and depression were significantly associated with recurrent wheezing but not increased atopy or reduced antiviral responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0272oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T18:52:03Z","timestamp":1474483923000},"page":"674-681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Relationships among Maternal Stress and Depression, Type 2 Responses, and Recurrent Wheezing at Age 3 Years in Low-Income Urban Families"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Sima K.","family":"Ramratnam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Visness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rho Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy F.","family":"Jaffee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rho Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon R.","family":"Bloomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meyer","family":"Kattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan T.","family":"Sandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind J.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kravis Children\u2019s Hospital and Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032023373174800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.3.512","article-title":"Barriers to asthma care in urban children: parent perspectives","volume":"106","author":"Mansour","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026032023373174800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528","article-title":"Population disparities in asthma","volume":"26","author":"Gold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2026032023373174800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.11.022","article-title":"Neighborhood poverty, urban residence, race\/ethnicity, and asthma: rethinking the inner-city asthma epidemic","volume":"135","author":"Keet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023373174800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.2.315","article-title":"Trends in childhood asthma: prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality","volume":"110","author":"Akinbami","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026032023373174800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.607","article-title":"Severe intermittent wheezing in preschool children: a distinct phenotype","volume":"119","author":"Bacharier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023373174800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2012.10.008","article-title":"Evaluation of the modified asthma predictive index in high-risk preschool children","volume":"1","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"35","key":"2026032023373174800_bib7","article-title":"National surveillance of asthma: United States, 2001\u20132010. 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