{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:04:19Z","timestamp":1774076659554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The molecular mechanisms that regulate tuberculosis susceptibility and bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG)-induced immunity are mostly unknown. However, induction of the adaptive immune response is a critical step in host control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) is a ubiquitin-binding protein that regulates innate immune responses, including Toll-like receptor signaling, which initiate adaptive immunity. TOLLIP variation is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis, but the mechanism by which it regulates tuberculosis immunity is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify functional TOLLIP variants and evaluate the role of TOLLIP variation on innate and adaptive immune responses to mycobacteria and susceptibility to tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used human cellular immunology approaches to characterize the role of a functional TOLLIP variant on monocyte mRNA expression and M. tuberculosis\u2013induced monocyte immune functions. We also examined the association of TOLLIP variation with BCG-induced T-cell responses and susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified a functional TOLLIP promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs5743854, which was associated with decreased TOLLIP mRNA expression in infant monocytes. After M. tuberculosis infection, TOLLIP-deficient monocytes demonstrated increased IL-6, increased nitrite, and decreased bacterial replication. The TOLLIP-deficiency G\/G genotype was associated with decreased BCG-specific IL-2+ CD4+ T-cell frequency and proliferation. This genotype was also associated with increased susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TOLLIP deficiency is associated with decreased BCG-specific T-cell responses and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. We hypothesize that the heightened antibacterial monocyte responses after vaccination of TOLLIP-deficient infants are responsible for decreased BCG-specific T-cell responses. Activating TOLLIP may provide a novel adjuvant strategy for BCG vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201611-2346oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T17:10:03Z","timestamp":1493745003000},"page":"502-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["A Functional Toll-Interacting Protein Variant Is Associated with Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin\u2013Specific Immune Responses and Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2997-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javeed A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munyaradzi","family":"Musvosvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muki","family":"Shey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and"},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenna J.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery S.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Daya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen G.","family":"Hoal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Gottardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem A.","family":"Hanekom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and"},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Scriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and"},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hatherill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and"},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Hawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60844-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib2","volume-title":"La vaccination preventive contre la tuberculose par le \u201cBCG.\u201d","author":"Calmette","year":"1927"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790","article-title":"Protection by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Mangtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit438","article-title":"Identification of a major locus, TNF1, that controls BCG-triggered tumor necrosis factor production by leukocytes in an area hyperendemic for tuberculosis","volume":"57","author":"Cobat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12272","article-title":"Inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies underlying tuberculosis in childhood","volume":"264","author":"Boisson-Dupuis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00996.x","article-title":"Human genetic susceptibility to intracellular pathogens","volume":"240","author":"Vannberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1086\/375249","article-title":"Heritability analysis of cytokines as intermediate phenotypes of tuberculosis","volume":"187","author":"Stein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0670","article-title":"Genetic and shared environmental influences on interferon-\u03b3 production in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in a Ugandan population","volume":"89","author":"Tao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002174","article-title":"Association of human TLR1 and TLR6 deficiency with altered immune responses to BCG vaccination in South African infants","volume":"7","author":"Randhawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.038","article-title":"Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages","volume":"119","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.040","article-title":"Extracellular M. tuberculosis DNA targets bacteria for autophagy by activating the host DNA-sensing pathway","volume":"150","author":"Watson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16451","article-title":"Unique role for ATG5 in neutrophil-mediated immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection","volume":"528","author":"Kimmey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707206105","article-title":"ESCRT factors restrict mycobacterial growth","volume":"105","author":"Philips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.9.4758","article-title":"Mice lacking myeloid differentiation factor 88 display profound defects in host resistance and immune responses to Mycobacterium avium infection not exhibited by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and TLR4-deficient animals","volume":"171","author":"Feng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3155","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 expression is required to control chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice","volume":"169","author":"Abel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13489","article-title":"Host-directed therapy of tuberculosis based on interleukin-1 and type I interferon crosstalk","volume":"511","author":"Mayer-Barber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095939","article-title":"The immune response in tuberculosis","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Garra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005667","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005667","article-title":"CD4 T cell-derived IFN-\u03b3 plays a minimal role in control of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and must be actively repressed by PD-1 to prevent lethal disease","volume":"12","author":"Sakai","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6311","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300248","article-title":"Control of chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD4 KLRG1- IL-2-secreting central memory cells","volume":"190","author":"Lindenstr\u00f8m","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/35014038","article-title":"TOLLIP, a new component of the IL-1RI pathway, links IRAK to the IL-1 receptor","volume":"2","author":"Burns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7059","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109537200","article-title":"Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated signaling by TOLLIP","volume":"277","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.12.156","article-title":"Recruitment of clathrin onto endosomes by the Tom1-Tollip complex","volume":"279","author":"Katoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.048","article-title":"Autophagic clearance of polyQ proteins mediated by ubiquitin-Atg8 adaptors of the conserved CUET protein family","volume":"158","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103541","article-title":"Human TOLLIP regulates TLR2 and TLR4 signaling and its polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis","volume":"189","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003875","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the TOLLIP gene influence susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania guyanensis in the Amazonas state of Brazil","volume":"9","author":"de Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70045-6","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study","volume":"1","author":"Noth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv570","article-title":"Genetic variation in Toll-interacting protein is associated with leprosy susceptibility and cutaneous expression of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist","volume":"213","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib28","author":"Shah"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw347","article-title":"Human ULK1 variation and susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"214","author":"Horne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a2052","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2052","article-title":"Efficacy of percutaneous versus intradermal BCG in the prevention of tuberculosis in South African infants: randomised trial","volume":"337","author":"Hawkridge","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11632","article-title":"An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes","volume":"491","author":"Abecasis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1262110","article-title":"Human genomics. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot analysis: multitissue gene regulation in humans","volume":"348","author":"GTEx Consortium","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20822","article-title":"Ancestry informative marker sets for determining continental origin and admixture proportions in common populations in America","volume":"30","author":"Kosoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3187","article-title":"COMPASS identifies T-cell subsets correlated with clinical outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2274","article-title":"T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design","volume":"8","author":"Seder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0334OC","article-title":"Cell frequency and cytokine expression profile do not correlate with protection against tuberculosis, following BCG vaccination of newborns","volume":"182","author":"Kagina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.103","article-title":"Delaying BCG vaccination from birth to 10 weeks of age may result in an enhanced memory CD4 T cell response","volume":"27","author":"Kagina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2038","article-title":"Origins of CD4(+) effector and central memory T cells","volume":"12","author":"Pepper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8047","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801592","article-title":"Tuberculosis subunit vaccination provides long-term protective immunity characterized by multifunctional CD4 memory T cells","volume":"182","author":"Lindenstr\u00f8m","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu347","article-title":"Central memory CD4+ T cells are responsible for the recombinant bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin \u0394ureC:hly vaccine\u2019s superior protection against tuberculosis","volume":"210","author":"Vogelzang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0300-9475.2004.01471.x","article-title":"The influence of remaining live BCG organisms in vaccinated mice on the maintenance of immunity to tuberculosis","volume":"60","author":"Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092532","article-title":"IL-10 production differentially influences the magnitude, quality, and protective capacity of Th1 responses depending on the vaccine platform","volume":"207","author":"Darrah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6676","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7676","article-title":"Myeloid cell-derived inducible nitric oxide synthase suppresses M1 macrophage polarization","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.4733","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor 2 ligand stimulates Th2 responses in vivo, via induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Fos in dendritic cells","volume":"172","author":"Dillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062027","article-title":"Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin acts as an alarmin to activate the TLR2-MyD88 signal pathway in dendritic cells and enhances Th2 immune responses","volume":"205","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7048","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601554103","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 signaling modulates the functions of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1422576112","article-title":"Inhibition of TLR2 signaling by small molecule inhibitors targeting a pocket within the TLR2 TIR domain","volume":"112","author":"Mistry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2015.07.017","article-title":"Tom1 modulates binding of TOLLIP to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate via a coupled folding and binding mechanism","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67424-7","article-title":"Genetic association studies","volume":"366","author":"Cordell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082224","article-title":"A panel of ancestry informative markers for the complex five-way admixed South African coloured population","volume":"8","author":"Daya","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.77","article-title":"Polymorphisms in TICAM2 and IL1B are associated with TB","volume":"16","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006698","article-title":"Polymorphic variation in TIRAP is not associated with susceptibility to childhood TB but may determine susceptibility to TBM in some ethnic groups","volume":"4","author":"Dissanayeke","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026032023451146100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1809SO","article-title":"Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: old wisdom and new challenges","volume":"173","author":"Marais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/196\/4\/502\/67125677\/ajrccm_196_4_502.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/196\/4\/502\/67125677\/ajrccm_196_4_502.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T03:45:54Z","timestamp":1774064754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/196\/4\/502\/8499067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201611-2346oc","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.727577848.793565351","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}