{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T06:35:43Z","timestamp":1774074943839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchodilation and exercise training (ExT) improve exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, behavior modification is required to impact daily physical activity (PA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether tiotropium\/olodaterol, with or without ExT, would improve exercise endurance time (EET) and PA compared with placebo in patients participating in a self-management behavior-modification (SMBM) program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a 12-week, randomized, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in patients with COPD (PHYSACTO; NCT02085161). All patients were enrolled into SMBM and randomized 1:1:1:1 to once-daily placebo, tiotropium 5 \u03bcg, tiotropium\/olodaterol 5\/5 \u03bcg, or tiotropium\/olodaterol 5\/5 \u03bcg plus 8 weeks ExT. EET, measured by endurance shuttle walk test after 8 weeks, was the primary endpoint. Additional endpoints assessed downstream effects on PA (measured via accelerometry), and activity-related dyspnea and difficulty (using validated patient-reported questionnaires).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMBM plus tiotropium\/olodaterol, with or without ExT, significantly improved EET at Week 8 versus SMBM plus placebo (treatment ratio vs. placebo: with ExT, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.20\u20131.78; P\u2009=\u20090.0002; without ExT, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.06\u20131.57; P\u2009=\u20090.0109). No significant increases in steps per day from baseline were observed over SMBM plus placebo at Week 12 (increase of 1,098) when other therapies were added. Adding tiotropium\/olodaterol, with or without ExT, to SMBM reduced activity-related dyspnea versus placebo, whereas adding tiotropium\/olodaterol plus ExT reduced activity-related difficulty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tiotropium\/olodaterol, with or without ExT, improved EET in patients with COPD taking part in an SMBM program. Combination bronchodilation, with or without ExT, did not provide additional increases in objective PA compared with SMBM alone but did reduce PA-related dyspnea and difficulty.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02085161).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201706-1288oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T12:58:16Z","timestamp":1523969896000},"page":"1021-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Effect of Bronchodilation, Exercise Training, and Behavior Modification on Symptoms and Physical Activity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2767-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Troosters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Maltais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Leidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidera, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montr\u00e9al Behavioural Medicine Centre, Research Centre, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l\u2019Ile-de Montr\u00e9al H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-Coeur de Montreal, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Qu\u00e9bec at Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sedeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Respiratory Division, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7097-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Garcia-Aymerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damijan","family":"Erzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. 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