{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:53:54Z","timestamp":1790646834561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["K12HD000850, M.S.Z."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD000850, M.S.Z."]}]},{"name":"NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["5K12HD047349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K12HD047349"]}]},{"name":"NIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["5K08HL119359-02, M.Y.K."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K08HL119359-02, M.Y.K."]}]},{"name":"NIH NHLBI","award":["K23HL085526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HL085526"]}]},{"name":"NIH NHLBI","award":["R01HL114484, A.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL114484, A.S."]}]},{"name":"NIH NHLBI","award":["R37HL51856, M.A.M."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37HL51856, M.A.M."]}]},{"name":"NIH NHLBI","award":["R35HL140026, C.S.C."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35HL140026, C.S.C."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors may contribute to lung injury through extracellular matrix degradation and modulation of inflammation and fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test for an association between MMP pathway proteins and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured MMPs in plasma collected on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Day 1 from 235 children at five hospitals between 2008 and 2017. We used latent class analysis to identify patients with distinct MMP profiles and then associated those profiles with markers of inflammation (IL-1RA, -6, -8, -10, and -18; macrophage inflammatory protein-1\u03b1 and -1\u03b2; tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and -R2), endothelial injury (angiopoietin-2, von Willebrand factor, soluble thrombomodulin), impaired oxygenation (PaO2\/FiO2 [P\/F] ratio, oxygenation index), morbidity, and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In geographically distinct derivation and validation cohorts, approximately one-third of patients demonstrated an MMP profile characterized by elevated MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, and -8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2; and depressed active and total MMP-9. This MMP profile was associated with multiple markers of inflammation, endothelial injury, and impaired oxygenation on Day 1 of ARDS, and conferred fourfold increased odds of mortality or severe morbidity independent of the P\/F ratio and other confounders (95% confidence interval, 2.1\u20137.6; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Logistic regression using both the P\/F ratio and MMP profiles was superior to the P\/F ratio alone in prognosticating mortality or severe morbidity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.68\u20130.82 vs. area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.58\u20130.73; P\u2009=\u20090.009).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric patients with ARDS have specific plasma MMP profiles associated with inflammation, endothelial injury, morbidity, and mortality. MMPs may play a role in the pathobiology of children with ARDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201804-0678oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T17:16:00Z","timestamp":1534439760000},"page":"181-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Early Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase Profiles: A Novel Pathway in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Matt S.","family":"Zinter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Delucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Y.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University 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E.","family":"Ratiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital, University of California Los Angeles Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne V.","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"McQuillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Dvorak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn S.","family":"Calfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Matthay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Sapru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care and"},{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital, University of California Los Angeles Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 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