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The apnea\u2013hypopnea index does not capture the range of physiological variability within and between patients, such as degree of hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation, that reflect differences in pathophysiological contributions of airway collapsibility, chemoreceptive negative feedback loop gain, and arousal threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test whether respiratory event duration, a heritable sleep apnea trait reflective of arousal threshold, predicts all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality risk as a function of event duration was estimated by Cox proportional hazards in the Sleep Heart Health Study, a prospective community-based cohort. Gender-specific hazard ratios were also calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 5,712 participants, 1,290 deaths occurred over 11 years of follow-up. After adjusting for demographic factors (mean age, 63 yr; 52% female), apnea\u2013hypopnea index (mean, 13.8; SD, 15.0), smoking, and prevalent cardiometabolic disease, individuals with the shortest-duration events had a significant hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.11\u20131.54). This relationship was observed in both men and women and was strongest in those with moderate sleep apnea (hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.11\u20132.28).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short respiratory event duration, a marker for low arousal threshold, predicts mortality in men and women. Individuals with shorter respiratory events may be predisposed to increased ventilatory instability and\/or have augmented autonomic nervous system responses that increase the likelihood of adverse health outcomes, underscoring the importance of assessing physiological variation in obstructive sleep apnea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201804-0758oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T03:03:10Z","timestamp":1539918190000},"page":"903-912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Apnea\u2013Hypopnea Event Duration Predicts Mortality in Men and Women in the Sleep Heart Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery T.","family":"Emch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rueschman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences"},{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Redline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420323801300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189420","article-title":"Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association\/American College Of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council On Cardiovascular Nursing. 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