{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:41:54Z","timestamp":1779356514547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NHLBI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL105447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL105447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NHLBI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL105460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL105460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reported a randomized trial demonstrating daily supplemental vitamin C to pregnant smokers significantly improved newborn pulmonary function tests. The current study tests these results in a new cohort using infant pulmonary function tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if infants of pregnant smokers randomized to daily supplemental vitamin C would have improved forced expiratory flows (FEFs) at 3 months of age compared with those randomized to placebo, and to investigate the association of the \u03b15 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at three centers. Two hundred fifty-one pregnant smokers were randomized at 13\u201323 weeks of gestation: 125 randomized to vitamin C (500 mg\/d) and 126 to placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was FEF75 at 3 months of age performed with the raised volume rapid thoracic compression technique (Jaeger\/Viasys). FEF50 and FEF25\u201375 obtained from the same expiratory curves were prespecified secondary outcomes. The infants of pregnant smokers randomized to vitamin C (n\u2009=\u2009113) had the following FEFs at 3 months of age compared with those randomized to placebo (n\u2009=\u2009 109) as measured by FEF75 (200.7 vs. 188.7 ml\/s; adjusted 95% confidence interval [CI] for difference, \u22123.33 to 35.64; P\u2009=\u20090.10), FEF50 (436.7 vs. 408.5 ml\/s; adjusted 95% CI for difference, 6.10\u201361.30; P\u2009=\u20090.02), and FEF25\u201375 (387.4 vs. 365.8 ml\/s; adjusted 95% CI for difference, 0.92\u201355.34; P\u2009=\u20090.04). Infant FEFs seemed to be negatively associated with the maternal risk alleles for the \u03b15 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (rs16969968).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the primary outcome of FEF75 was not improved after vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers, the predetermined secondary outcomes FEF50 and FEF25\u201375 were significantly improved. These results extend our previous findings and demonstrate improved airway function (FEF50 and FEF25\u201375) at 3 months of age in infants after vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01723696).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201805-1011oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T03:03:54Z","timestamp":1544151834000},"page":"1139-1147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Oral Vitamin C (500 mg\/d) to Pregnant Smokers Improves Infant Airway Function at 3 Months (VCSIP). A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy T.","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyndsey E.","family":"Shorey-Kendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Milner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Tiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics 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