{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:50:05Z","timestamp":1790833805698,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["NWO-VIDI; grant 91715359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWO-VIDI; grant 91715359"]}]},{"name":"Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital and Spaarne Gasthuis Hoofddorp intramural funds"},{"name":"Chief Scientist Office\/NHS Research Scotland Scottish Senior Clinical Fellowship award"},{"name":"University of Edinburgh, and Top Consortia for Knowledge and Innovation","award":["TKI-AF-12190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKI-AF-12190"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The respiratory microbiota is increasingly being appreciated as an important mediator in the susceptibility to childhood respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Pathogens are presumed to originate from the nasopharyngeal ecosystem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between early life respiratory microbiota and development of childhood RTIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a prospective birth cohort (Microbiome Utrecht Infant Study: MUIS), we characterized the oral microbiota longitudinally from birth until 6 months of age of 112 infants (nine regular samples\/subject) and compared them with nasopharyngeal microbiota using 16S-rRNA\u2013based sequencing. We also characterized oral and nasopharynx samples during RTI episodes in the first half year of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral microbiota were driven mostly by feeding type, followed by age, mode of delivery, and season of sampling. In contrast to our previously published associations between nasopharyngeal microbiota development and susceptibility to RTIs, oral microbiota development was not directly associated with susceptibility to RTI development. However, we did observe an influx of oral taxa, such as Neisseria lactamica, Streptococcus, Prevotella nanceiensis, Fusobacterium, and Janthinobacterium lividum, in the nasopharyngeal microbiota before and during RTIs, which was accompanied by reduced presence and abundance of Corynebacterium, Dolosigranulum, and Moraxella spp. Moreover, this phenomenon was accompanied by reduced niche differentiation indicating loss of ecological topography preceding confirmed RTIs. This loss of ecological topography was further augmented by start of daycare, and linked to consecutive development of symptomatic infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, our results link the loss of topography to subsequent development of RTI episodes. This may lead to new insights for prevention of RTIs and antibiotic use in childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1993oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T16:12:17Z","timestamp":1552925537000},"page":"760-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Loss of Microbial Topography between Oral and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota and Development of Respiratory Infections Early in Life"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Wing Ho","family":"Man","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, and"},{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Clerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter A. A.","family":"de Steenhuijsen Piters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, and"},{"name":"Medical Research Council, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies A.","family":"van Houten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei Ling J. N.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, and"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda","family":"Kool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, the Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J. 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