{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:19:15Z","timestamp":1790198355307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1829,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is characterized by elevated pleural pressure (Ppl) and worsening atelectasis during mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of a lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) in the presence of elevated Ppl on hemodynamics, left and right ventricular pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance. We hypothesized that elevated Ppl protects the cardiovascular system against high airway pressure and prevents lung overdistension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, an interventional crossover trial in adult subjects with ARDS and a body mass index\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg\/m2 (n\u2009=\u200921) was performed to explore the hemodynamic consequences of the LRM. Second, cardiovascular function was studied during low and high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in a model of swine with ARDS and high Ppl (n\u2009=\u20099) versus healthy swine with normal Ppl (n\u2009=\u20096).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Measurements and Main Results: Subjects with ARDS and obesity (body mass index\u2009=\u200957\u2009\u00b1\u200912 kg\/m2) after LRM required an increase in PEEP of 8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 7\u201310) cm H2O above traditional ARDS Network settings to improve lung function, oxygenation and V.\/Q. matching, without impairment of hemodynamics or right heart function. ARDS swine with high Ppl demonstrated unchanged transmural left ventricular pressure and systemic blood pressure after the LRM protocol. Pulmonary arterial hypertension decreased (8 [95% CI, 13\u20134] mm Hg), as did vascular resistance (1.5 [95% CI, 2.2\u20130.9] Wood units) and transmural right ventricular pressure (10 [95% CI, 15\u20136] mm Hg) during exhalation. LRM and PEEP decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and normalized the V.\/Q. ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High airway pressure is required to recruit lung atelectasis in patients with ARDS and class III obesity but causes minimal overdistension. In addition, patients with ARDS and class III obesity hemodynamically tolerate LRM with high airway pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02503241).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201909-1687oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T10:50:02Z","timestamp":1599043802000},"page":"575-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["High Pleural Pressure Prevents Alveolar Overdistension and Hemodynamic Collapse in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Class III Obesity. A Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5818-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"De Santis Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Teggia Droghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Florio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi G.","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susimeire","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisao de Pneumologia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Hospital das Clin\u00edcas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio C. A.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisao de Pneumologia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Hospital das Clin\u00edcas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozires P. S.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisao de Pneumologia, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Hospital das Clin\u00edcas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bottiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Niguarda Hospital and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pinciroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Niguarda Hospital and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Imber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aranya","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Sonny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo B. 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