{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:49:42Z","timestamp":1788299382339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although centrilobular emphysema (CLE) and paraseptal emphysema (PSE) are commonly identified on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), little is known about the pathology associated with PSE compared with that of CLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the pathological differences between PSE and CLE in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air-inflated frozen lung specimens (n\u2009=\u20096) obtained from patients with severe COPD treated by lung transplantation were scanned with MDCT. Frozen tissue cores were taken from central (n\u2009=\u20098) and peripheral (n\u2009=\u20098) regions of each lung, scanned with micro\u2013computed tomography (microCT), and processed for histology. The core locations were registered to the MDCT, and a percentage of PSE or CLE was assigned by radiologists to each of the regions. MicroCT scans were used to measure number and structural change of terminal bronchioles. Furthermore, microCT-based volume fractions of CLE and PSE allowed classifying cores into mild emphysema, CLE-dominant, and PSE-dominant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The percentages of PSE measured on MDCT and microCT were positively associated (P\u2009=\u20090.015). The number of terminal bronchioles per milliliter of lung and cross-sectional lumen area were significantly lower and wall area percentage was significantly higher in CLE-dominant regions compared with mild emphysema and PSE-dominant regions (all P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), whereas no difference was found between PSE-dominant and mild emphysema samples (all P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.5). Immunohistochemistry showed significantly higher infiltration of neutrophils (P\u2009=\u20090.002), but not of macrophages, CD4, CD8, or B cells, in PSE compared with CLE regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The terminal bronchioles are relatively preserved, whereas neutrophilic inflammation is increased in PSE-dominant regions compared with CLE-dominant regions in patients with COPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201912-2327oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T17:22:02Z","timestamp":1591118522000},"page":"803-811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Pathological Comparisons of Paraseptal and Centrilobular Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 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