{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:22:02Z","timestamp":1779164522434,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deficits in infant lung function\u2014including the ratio of the time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow to the total expiratory time (tptef\/te) and maximal expiratory flow at FRC (V\u0307maxFRC)\u2014have been linked to increased risk for childhood asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the individual and combined effects of tptef\/te and V\u0307maxFRC in infancy on risk for asthma and abnormalities of airway structure into mid-adult life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred eighty participants in the Tucson Children\u2019s Respiratory Study birth cohort had lung function measured by the chest-compression technique in infancy (mean age\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD: 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 mo). Active asthma was assessed in up to 12 questionnaires between ages 6 and 36 years. Spirometry and chest high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) imaging were completed in a subset of participants at age 26. The relations of infant tptef\/te and V\u0307maxFRC to active asthma and airway structural abnormalities into adult life were tested in multivariable mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjustment for covariates, a 1-SD decrease in infant tptef\/te and V\u0307maxFRC was associated with a 70% (P\u2009=\u20090.001) and 55% (P\u2009=\u20090.005) increased risk of active asthma, respectively. These effects were partly independent, and two out of three infants who were in the lowest tertile for both tptef\/te and V\u0307maxFRC developed active asthma by mid-adult life. Infant V\u0307maxFRC predicted reduced airflow and infant tptef\/te reduced HRCT airway caliber at age 26.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the long-lasting effects of the fetal origins of asthma, support independent contributions by infant tptef\/te and V\u0307maxFRC to development of asthma, and link deficits at birth in tptef\/te with HRCT-assessed structural airway abnormalities in adult life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202001-0194oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T13:19:58Z","timestamp":1594387198000},"page":"1646-1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Fetal Origins of Asthma: A Longitudinal Study from Birth to Age 36 Years"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Guerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson"},{"name":"Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine \u2013 Tucson, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra A.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duane L.","family":"Sherrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Airway Disease Research 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