{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:17:41Z","timestamp":1789629461684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National 2015 from the French Ministry of Health","award":["15-0060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-0060"]}]},{"name":"Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National 2015 from the French Ministry of Health","award":["15-0060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-0060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may prevent reintubation in patients at high risk of extubation failure in ICUs, this oxygenation strategy has not been specifically assessed in obese patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesized that NIV may decrease the risk of reintubation in obese patients compared with high-flow nasal oxygen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (not prespecified) comparing NIV alternating with high-flow nasal oxygen versus high-flow nasal oxygen alone after extubation, with the aim of assessing NIV effects according to patient body mass index (BMI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 623 patients at high risk of extubation failure, 206 (33%) were obese (BMI\u2009\u2a7e\u200930 kg\/m2), 204 (33%) were overweight (25 kg\/m2\u2009\u2a7d\u2009BMI\u2009&amp;lt;\u200930 kg\/m2), and 213 (34%) were normal or underweight (BMI\u2009&amp;lt;\u200925 kg\/m2). Significant heterogeneity of NIV effects on the rate of reintubation was found according to BMI (P \u00a0interaction\u2009=\u20090.007). Reintubation rates at Day 7 were significantly lower with NIV alternating with high-flow nasal oxygen than with high-flow nasal oxygen alone in obese or overweight patients: 7% (15\/204) versus 20% (41\/206) (difference, \u221213% [95% confidence interval, \u221219 to \u22126]; P\u2009=\u20090.0002), whereas it did not significantly differ in normal or underweight patients. In-ICU mortality was significantly lower with NIV than with high-flow nasal oxygen alone in obese or overweight patients (2% vs. 9%; difference, \u22126% [95% confidence interval, \u221211 to \u22122]; P\u2009=\u20090.006).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prophylactic NIV alternating with high-flow nasal oxygen immediately after extubation significantly decreased the risk of reintubation and death compared with high-flow nasal oxygen alone in obese or overweight patients at high risk of extubation failure. By contrast, NIV was not effective in normal or underweight patients.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03121482).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202106-1452oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T14:46:58Z","timestamp":1637678818000},"page":"440-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Beneficial Effects of Noninvasive Ventilation after Extubation in Obese or Overweight Patients: A\n                    <i>Post Hoc<\/i>\n                    Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud W.","family":"Thille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1402 ALIVE, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Coudroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1402 ALIVE, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai-Anh","family":"Nay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Orl\u00e9ans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Gacouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, H\u00f4pital Ponchaillou, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxens","family":"Decav\u00e8le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pneumologie, M\u00e9decine Intensive et R\u00e9animation (D\u00e9partement R3S), H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, AP-HP 6\u2013Sorbonne, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Sonneville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Bichat\u2013Claude Bernard, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, AP-HP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Beloncle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d\u2019Angers, D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Girault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNIROUEN, EA 3830, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Dangers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire F\u00e9lix Guyon, Saint Denis de la R\u00e9union, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Lautrette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, H\u00f4pital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Levrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Rouz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Centre de R\u00e9animation, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Vivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, R\u00e9animation Polyvalente, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Lascarrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Damien","family":"Ricard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, AP-HP, Colombes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, INSERM, UMR IAME 1137, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armand","family":"Mekontso-Dessap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Barberet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, Groupe Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Mulhouse Sud Alsace, site Emile Muller, Mulhouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier D\u00e9partemental de Vend\u00e9e, La Roche Sur Yon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Ehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire de Tours, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, CIC 1415, R\u00e9seau CRICS-Trigger SEP, Centre d\u2019\u00e9tude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U1100, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Massri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier de Pau, Pau, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Bourenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Timone 2, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, R\u00e9animation des Urgences, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gael","family":"Pradel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Henri Mondor d\u2019Aurillac, Aurillac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Brest, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble-Alpes, U1042, HP2, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Dellamonica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Archet 1, UR2CA, Universit\u00e9 Cote d\u2019Azur, Nice, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Lacave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dico-Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1402 ALIVE, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Frat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1402 ALIVE, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Ragot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1402 ALIVE, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1523CI","article-title":"The decision to extubate in the intensive care unit","volume":"187","author":"Thille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Weaning from the ventilator and extubation in ICU","volume":"19","author":"Thille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000186416.44752.72","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients","volume":"33","author":"Nava","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-718OC","article-title":"Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial","volume":"173","author":"Ferrer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61038-2","article-title":"Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in hypercapnic patients with chronic respiratory disorders: randomised controlled trial","volume":"374","author":"Ferrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4785-1","article-title":"Intermittent noninvasive ventilation after extubation in patients with chronic respiratory disorders: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (VHYPER)","volume":"43","author":"Vargas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14901","article-title":"Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal oxygen with noninvasive ventilation vs high-flow nasal oxygen alone on reintubation among patients at high risk of extubation failure: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Thille","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602426","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02426-2016","article-title":"Official ERS\/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure","volume":"50","author":"Rochwerg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1101OC","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by obesity hypoventilation syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"186","author":"Carrillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00054-0","article-title":"Prevention and care of respiratory failure in obese patients","volume":"4","author":"P\u00e9pin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06286-x","article-title":"How to ventilate obese patients in the ICU","volume":"46","author":"De Jong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011293232204","article-title":"Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease by inspiratory assistance with a face mask","volume":"323","author":"Brochard","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.3.469","article-title":"Pressure-time product during continuous positive airway pressure, pressure support ventilation, and T-piece during weaning from mechanical ventilation","volume":"143","author":"Sassoon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2010046","article-title":"Physiological response to pressure support ventilation delivered before and after extubation in patients not capable of totally spontaneous autonomous breathing","volume":"164","author":"Vitacca","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-226OC","article-title":"Physiologic effects of noninvasive ventilation during acute lung injury","volume":"172","author":"L\u2019Her","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31821811ba","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation and alveolar recruitment maneuver improve respiratory function during and after intubation of morbidly obese patients: a randomized controlled study","volume":"114","author":"Futier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-122MG","article-title":"Assessment and management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Mokhlesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02106.x","article-title":"Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: from sleep-disordered breathing to systemic comorbidities and the need to offer combined treatment strategies","volume":"17","author":"Borel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201907-528OC","article-title":"The role of positive airway pressure therapy in adults with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Afshar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00150705","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation for prevention of post-extubation respiratory failure in obese patients","volume":"28","author":"El-Solh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0364OC","article-title":"Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation: effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome","volume":"190","author":"Maggiore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2711","article-title":"Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on reintubation in low-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.14194","article-title":"Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs noninvasive ventilation on reintubation and postextubation respiratory failure in high-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FC-242","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00823-7","article-title":"Non-invasive ventilation vs. high-flow nasal oxygen after extubation of obese patients in ICU: a post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial [abstract]","volume":"11","author":"Thille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182282a5a","article-title":"Outcomes of extubation failure in medical intensive care unit patients","volume":"39","author":"Thille","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3765-6","article-title":"Direct extubation onto high-flow nasal cannulae post-cardiac surgery versus standard treatment in patients with a BMI \u226530: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Corley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026022020583796000_bib27","first-page":"1039635","article-title":"Comparison of mask oxygen therapy and high-flow oxygen therapy after cardiopulmonary bypass in obese patients","volume":"2018","author":"Sahin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Respir J"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/205\/4\/440\/67008555\/ajrccm_205_4_440.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/205\/4\/440\/67008555\/ajrccm_205_4_440.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:58:47Z","timestamp":1771639127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/205\/4\/440\/8491933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202106-1452oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}