{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:04:19Z","timestamp":1793059459062,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1027,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HL138229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL138229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HL140482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL140482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99 NR019862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 NR019862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K76 AG059936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K76 AG059936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL007778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL007778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23 HL138229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL138229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23 HL140482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL140482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K99 NR019862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 NR019862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K76 AG059936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K76 AG059936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32 HL007778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL007778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep and circadian disruption (SCD) is common and severe in the ICU. On the basis of rigorous evidence in non-ICU populations and emerging evidence in ICU populations, SCD is likely to have a profound negative impact on patient outcomes. Thus, it is urgent that we establish research priorities to advance understanding of ICU SCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We convened a multidisciplinary group with relevant expertise to participate in an American Thoracic Society Workshop. Workshop objectives included identifying ICU SCD subtopics of interest, key knowledge gaps, and research priorities. Members attended remote sessions from March to November 2021. Recorded presentations were prepared and viewed by members before Workshop sessions. Workshop discussion focused on key gaps and related research priorities. The priorities listed herein were selected on the basis of rank as established by a series of anonymous surveys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified the following research priorities: establish an ICU SCD definition, further develop rigorous and feasible ICU SCD measures, test associations between ICU SCD domains and outcomes, promote the inclusion of mechanistic and patient-centered outcomes within large clinical studies, leverage implementation science strategies to maximize intervention fidelity and sustainability, and collaborate among investigators to harmonize methods and promote multisite investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICU SCD is a complex and compelling potential target for improving ICU outcomes. Given the influence on all other research priorities, further development of rigorous, feasible ICU SCD measurement is a key next step in advancing the field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202301-0184st","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T09:12:58Z","timestamp":1680253978000},"page":"e49-e68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Causes, Consequences, and Treatments of Sleep and Circadian Disruption in the ICU: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7341-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa P.","family":"Knauert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najib T.","family":"Ayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0423-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen J.","family":"Bosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Drouot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojdeh S.","family":"Heavner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula L.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9058-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Elizabeth","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5727-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makayla L.","family":"Cordoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9239-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalind","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3160-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian K.","family":"Gehlbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9245-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biren B.","family":"Kamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy S.","family":"Korwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4680-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Lusczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1128-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sairam","family":"Parthasarathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jag","family":"Sunderram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Telias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald L.","family":"Weinhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6296-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phyllis C.","family":"Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7010001","article-title":"The global problem of insufficient sleep and its serious public health implications","volume":"7","author":"Chattu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6506a1","article-title":"Prevalence of healthy sleep duration among adults\u2014United States, 2014","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53702-7.00007-5","article-title":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognition","volume":"185","author":"Killgore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib4","first-page":"267","article-title":"Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4\u20135 hours per night","volume":"20","author":"Dinges","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.002","article-title":"Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention","volume":"1129","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26918","article-title":"Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction","volume":"3","author":"Banks","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716","article-title":"The role of sleep in emotional brain function","volume":"10","author":"Goldstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01376-8","article-title":"Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function","volume":"354","author":"Spiegel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.23","article-title":"Effects of poor and short sleep on glucose metabolism and obesity risk","volume":"5","author":"Spiegel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-00005","article-title":"Impaired insulin signaling in human adipocytes after experimental sleep restriction: a randomized, crossover study","volume":"157","author":"Broussard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5656","article-title":"Sleep disruption is associated with increased ventricular ectopy and cardiac arrest in hospitalized adults","volume":"39","author":"Miner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.010","article-title":"Incidence of myocardial infarction with shifts to and from daylight savings time","volume":"111","author":"Jiddou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730419854197","article-title":"Why should we abolish daylight saving time?","volume":"34","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.05.001","article-title":"Immune, inflammatory and cardiovascular consequences of sleep restriction and recovery","volume":"16","author":"Faraut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0109-6","article-title":"Short sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: from pathophysiology to clinical evidence","volume":"16","author":"Tobaldini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1471-a","article-title":"Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization","volume":"288","author":"Spiegel","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4968","article-title":"Behaviorally assessed sleep and susceptibility to the common cold","volume":"38","author":"Prather","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.4.907","article-title":"Sleep loss impairs inspiratory muscle endurance","volume":"140","author":"Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.4.855","article-title":"Effect of short-term sleep loss on breathing","volume":"53","author":"Cooper","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02332962","article-title":"Effect of sleep deprivation on tolerance of prolonged exercise","volume":"47","author":"Martin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0819OC","article-title":"Impact of sleep deprivation on respiratory motor output and endurance: a physiological study","volume":"201","author":"Rault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1802337","article-title":"Circadian mechanisms in medicine","volume":"384","author":"Allada","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R46","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12565","article-title":"Characterisation of sleep in intensive care using 24-hour polysomnography: an observational study","volume":"17","author":"Elliott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2014.06.049","article-title":"Feasibility study of unattended polysomnography in medical intensive care unit patients","volume":"43","author":"Knauert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.809","article-title":"Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"117","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260055.64235.7C","article-title":"Patient-ventilator interaction and sleep in mechanically ventilated patients: pressure support versus proportional assist ventilation","volume":"35","author":"Bosma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181bc8243","article-title":"Poor sleep quality is associated with late noninvasive ventilation failure in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure","volume":"38","author":"Roche Campo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.07.012","article-title":"A new classification for sleep analysis in critically ill patients","volume":"13","author":"Drouot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31828a3f75","article-title":"Atypical sleep in ventilated patients: empirical electroencephalography findings and the path toward revised ICU sleep scoring criteria","volume":"41","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40528-2","article-title":"Patients in the intensive care unit suffer from severe lack of sleep associated with loss of normal melatonin secretion pattern","volume":"317","author":"Shilo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200203000-00007","article-title":"Impaired circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in sedated critically ill patients with severe sepsis","volume":"30","author":"Mundigler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-5172.2004.00401.x","article-title":"Abolished circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in sedated and artificially ventilated intensive care patients","volume":"48","author":"Olofsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2494-3","article-title":"Circadian rhythm disruption in severe sepsis: the effect of ambient light on urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin secretion","volume":"38","author":"Verceles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1998","article-title":"Temporal disorganization of circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake regulation in mechanically ventilated patients receiving continuous intravenous sedation","volume":"35","author":"Gehlbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2405","article-title":"Altered circadian rhythmicity in patients in the ICU","volume":"144","author":"Gazendam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313517756","article-title":"Rest-activity cycle disturbances in the acute phase of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"28","author":"Duclos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00637","article-title":"Pilot observational study to detect diurnal variation and misalignment in heart rate among critically ill patients","volume":"11","author":"Knauert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1294","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004697","article-title":"Circadian gene expression rhythms during critical illness","volume":"48","author":"Maas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004333","article-title":"Factors disrupting melatonin secretion rhythms during critical illness","volume":"48","author":"Maas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030374","article-title":"Low melatonin excretion during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit","volume":"107","author":"Frisk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1331","article-title":"Altered melatonin secretion and circadian gene expression with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in early-stage sepsis patients","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2018","article-title":"The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease","volume":"99","author":"Besedovsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e131487","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.131487","article-title":"Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity\u2014an NIH workshop summary","volume":"5","author":"Haspel","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14006-7","article-title":"Healthy adults display long-term trait-like neurobehavioral resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss","volume":"7","author":"Dennis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.017","article-title":"Interindividual variability in neurobehavioral response to sleep loss: a comprehensive review","volume":"89","author":"Tkachenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU","volume":"46","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib47","author":"Colten","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib48","first-page":"zsy012","article-title":"Sleep duration in the United States 2003\u20132016: first signs of success in the fight against sleep deficiency?","volume":"41","author":"Basner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00627.x","article-title":"Trends in self-reported sleep duration and insomnia-related symptoms in Finland from 1972 to 2005: a comparative review and re-analysis of Finnish population samples","volume":"17","author":"Kronholm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2009.00815.x","article-title":"Thirty-six-year secular trends in sleep duration and sleep satisfaction, and associations with mental stress and socioeconomic factors\u2014results of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden","volume":"19","author":"Rowshan Ravan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2016.05.013","article-title":"Age and gender effects on the prevalence of poor sleep quality in the adult population","volume":"31","author":"Madrid-Valero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gac Sanit"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prescription sleep aid use among adults: United States, 2005\u20132010","volume":"127","author":"Chong","year":"2013","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.01.002","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in an American homeless population","volume":"6","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2009.03.001","article-title":"Sleep loss and fatigue in shift work and shift work disorder","volume":"4","author":"Akerstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2019.08.011","article-title":"Adolescent sleep and technology-use rules: results from the California Health Interview Survey","volume":"6","author":"Bowers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S163074","article-title":"Sleep disorders in patients with ADHD: impact and management challenges","volume":"10","author":"Wajszilber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.09.001","article-title":"Sleep and rheumatologic disorders","volume":"12","author":"Abad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.05.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Ohayon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.09.012","article-title":"Sleep in hospitalized older adults","volume":"13","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"177","author":"Peppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib61","first-page":"149","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: a growing problem","volume":"9","author":"Motamedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib62","first-page":"213","article-title":"Analysis of hospital discharge data to characterize obstructive sleep apnea and its management in adult patients hospitalized in Canada: 2006 to 2007","volume":"17","author":"Spurr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2015.05.003","article-title":"Management of restless legs syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom disease in hospitalized and perioperative patients","volume":"10","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib64","first-page":"877","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in sleep disturbances: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8889","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618167114","article-title":"Habitual sleep as a contributor to racial differences in cardiometabolic risk","volume":"114","author":"Curtis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.01.007","article-title":"Reducing health disparities: the role of sleep deficiency and sleep disorders","volume":"18","author":"Laposky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004405","article-title":"A systematic review of risk factors for sleep disruption in critically ill adults","volume":"48","author":"Honarmand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.59997","article-title":"A pilot study of sound levels in an Australian adult general intensive care unit","volume":"12","author":"Elliott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2010180","article-title":"Sound intensity and noise evaluation in a critical care unit","volume":"19","author":"Lawson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R187","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12870","article-title":"An investigation of sound levels on intensive care units with reference to the WHO guidelines","volume":"17","author":"Darbyshire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.06.005","article-title":"Comparing average levels and peak occurrence of overnight sound in the medical intensive care unit on A-weighted and C-weighted decibel scales","volume":"36","author":"Knauert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2201090","article-title":"Contribution of the intensive care unit environment to sleep disruption in mechanically ventilated patients and healthy subjects","volume":"167","author":"Gabor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.9912128","article-title":"Abnormal sleep\/wake cycles and the effect of environmental noise on sleep disruption in the intensive care unit","volume":"163","author":"Freedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.03.002","article-title":"Abnormal environmental light exposure in the intensive care environment","volume":"40","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23743735211033104","DOI":"10.1177\/23743735211033104","article-title":"Light levels in ICU patient rooms: dimming of daytime light in occupied rooms","volume":"8","author":"Lusczek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Patient Exp"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.12.006","article-title":"Looking for light in the din: an examination of the circadian-disrupting properties of a medical intensive care unit","volume":"46","author":"Danielson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2004.13.2.102","article-title":"Nocturnal care interactions with patients in critical care units","volume":"13","author":"Tamburri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000411","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2019-000411","article-title":"Pilot study: an intensive care unit sleep promotion protocol","volume":"6","author":"Knauert","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698394","article-title":"Circadian biology and its importance to intensive care unit care and outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2366-0","article-title":"Sleep and circadian rhythm in critical illness","volume":"23","author":"Telias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-79","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding and the realignment of biological rhythms: translational opportunities and challenges","volume":"12","author":"Sunderram","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib82","first-page":"604","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in the critically ill patients: role of delirium and sedative agents","volume":"77","author":"Trompeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702465","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02465-2017","article-title":"Impact of sleep alterations on weaning duration in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Thille","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181743f41","article-title":"Sleep quality in mechanically ventilated patients: comparison of three ventilatory modes","volume":"36","author":"Cabello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31826764e3","article-title":"Sleep in hypercapnic critical care patients under noninvasive ventilation: conventional versus dedicated ventilators","volume":"41","author":"C\u00f3rdoba-Izquierdo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201811-2119OC","article-title":"Sleep and Pathological Wakefulness at the Time of Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation (SLEEWE): a prospective multicenter physiological study","volume":"199","author":"Dres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1865-0","article-title":"Impact of earplugs and eye mask on sleep in critically ill patients: a prospective randomized study","volume":"21","author":"Demoule","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib88","author":"Rechtschaffen","year":"1968"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib89","author":"Iber","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00218-3","article-title":"Sleep organization pattern as a prognostic marker at the subacute stage of post-traumatic coma","volume":"113","author":"Valente","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000110","article-title":"Sleep in the neurological intensive care unit: feasibility of quantifying sleep after melatonin supplementation with environmental light and noise reduction","volume":"32","author":"Foreman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e023772","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023772","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy alone or with non-invasive ventilation during the weaning period after extubation in ICU: the prospective randomised controlled HIGH-WEAN protocol","volume":"8","author":"Thille","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.08.028","article-title":"Association between death and loss of stage N2 sleep features among critically Ill patients with delirium","volume":"48","author":"Knauert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-018-1718-3","article-title":"Atypical sleep in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation is associated with increased mortality","volume":"23","author":"Boyko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12436","article-title":"Electroencephalographic sleep elements and outcome in acute encephalopathic patients: a 4-year cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Sutter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00863-z","article-title":"Role of sleep on respiratory failure after extubation in the ICU","volume":"11","author":"Thille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.11.1559","article-title":"Assessment of sleep in ventilator-supported critically ill patients","volume":"31","author":"Ambrogio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000830","article-title":"Sleep spindles and K-complexes are favorable prognostic biomarkers in critically ill patients","volume":"39","author":"Grigg-Damberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0628-4","article-title":"Sleep continuity: a new metric to quantify disrupted hypnograms in non-sedated intensive care unit patients","volume":"18","author":"Drouot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199903000-00035","article-title":"The Bispectral Index: a measure of depth of sleep?","volume":"88","author":"Sleigh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-015-9805-5","article-title":"Monitoring sleep depth: analysis of Bispectral Index (BIS) based on polysomnographic recordings and sleep deprivation","volume":"31","author":"Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20200083","article-title":"Viability and validity of the Bispectral Index to measure sleep in patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"32","author":"Pedr\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiva"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200201000-00024","article-title":"Bispectral Index values and spectral edge frequency at different stages of physiologic sleep","volume":"94","author":"Nieuwenhuijs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001330","article-title":"The feasibility and utility of continuous sleep monitoring in critically ill patients using a portable electroencephalography monitor","volume":"123","author":"Vacas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R66","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13823","article-title":"Intensive care unit depth of sleep: proof of concept of a simple electroencephalography index in the non-sedated","volume":"18","author":"Reinke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7228","article-title":"Use of actigraphy for the evaluation of sleep disorders and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1180-y","article-title":"Sleep monitoring in the intensive care unit: comparison of nurse assessment, actigraphy and polysomnography","volume":"34","author":"Beecroft","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.08.006","article-title":"Actigraphic measures of sleep on the wards after ICU discharge","volume":"54","author":"Wilcox","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.07.036","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation and cognitive trajectories after critical illness","volume":"159","author":"Wilcox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.8.2.131","article-title":"Measurement of sleep in critically ill patients","volume":"8","author":"Richards","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nurs Meas"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542529","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.542529","article-title":"A systematic review of sleep measurement in critically ill patients","volume":"11","author":"Richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12315","article-title":"Repeated sleep-quality assessment and use of sleep-promoting interventions in ICU","volume":"22","author":"Menear","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2016.04.001","article-title":"Sleep assessment by patients and nurses in the intensive care: an exploratory descriptive study","volume":"30","author":"Aitken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.04.009","article-title":"Development and daily use of a numeric rating score to assess sleep quality in ICU patients","volume":"52","author":"Rood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-3397(03)00076-4","article-title":"Patients\u2019 sleep in an intensive care unit\u2014patients\u2019 and nurses\u2019 perception","volume":"19","author":"Frisk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9806141","article-title":"Patient perception of sleep quality and etiology of sleep disruption in the intensive care unit","volume":"159","author":"Freedman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.03.014","article-title":"Validation of a novel sleep-quality questionnaire to assess sleep in the coronary care unit: a polysomnography study","volume":"16","author":"Storti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770100307","article-title":"Instrumentation to describe subjective sleep characteristics in healthy subjects","volume":"10","author":"Snyder-Halpern","year":"1987","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib119","first-page":"402","article-title":"Measurement of nocturnal sleep patterns in trauma patients","volume":"18","author":"Fontaine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2012111","article-title":"Patient-nurse interrater reliability and agreement of the Richards-Campbell sleep questionnaire","volume":"21","author":"Kamdar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6474.1029","article-title":"Sleep in the surgical intensive care unit: continuous polygraphic recording of sleep in nine patients receiving postoperative care","volume":"290","author":"Aurell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1993.2.2.125","article-title":"Pilot study: validating staff nurses\u2019 observations of sleep and wake states among critically ill patients, using polysomnography","volume":"2","author":"Edwards","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.09.007","article-title":"Sleep and psychological health during early recovery from critical illness: an observational study","volume":"75","author":"McKinley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519856745","article-title":"Correlation between APACHE III score and sleep quality in ICU patients","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730420940483","article-title":"Novel approaches for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans: a review","volume":"35","author":"Dijk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvdhj.2021.01.004","article-title":"Circadian rhythm in critically ill patients: insights from the eICU Database","volume":"2","author":"Beyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Digit Health J"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.01.015","article-title":"Enhancing cosinor analysis of circadian phase markers using the gamma distribution","volume":"31","author":"Doyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13587","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13587","article-title":"Circadian rest-activity misalignment in critically ill medical intensive care unit patients","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2017660","article-title":"Feasibility of continuous actigraphy in medical intensive care unit patients","volume":"26","author":"Kamdar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI120874","article-title":"High-accuracy determination of internal circadian time from a single blood sample","volume":"128","author":"Wittenbrink","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9247","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800314115","article-title":"Universal method for robust detection of circadian state from gene expression","volume":"115","author":"Braun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44004-w","article-title":"Intelligent ICU for autonomous patient monitoring using pervasive sensing and deep learning","volume":"9","author":"Davoudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000379","article-title":"Sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Garc\u00eda-Perdomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib136","first-page":"501","article-title":"The association between sleep duration and cancer-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Stone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S31063","article-title":"Sleep duration, cardiovascular disease, and proinflammatory biomarkers","volume":"5","author":"Grandner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-1478LE","article-title":"Sleep deprivation increases air hunger rather than breathing effort","volume":"203","author":"Rault","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0659-2","article-title":"Assist-control ventilation vs. low levels of pressure support ventilation on sleep quality in intubated ICU patients","volume":"33","author":"Toublanc","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200209-999OC","article-title":"Effect of ventilator mode on sleep quality in critically ill patients","volume":"166","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0596SO","article-title":"Respiratory drive in critically ill patients: pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"201","author":"Vaporidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.5.1929","article-title":"Susceptibility to periodic breathing with assisted ventilation during sleep in normal subjects","volume":"85","author":"Meza","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1121-9","article-title":"Reduction of patient-ventilator asynchrony by reducing tidal volume during pressure-support ventilation","volume":"34","author":"Thille","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829e53dc","article-title":"Effects of propofol on patient-ventilator synchrony and interaction during pressure support ventilation and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist","volume":"42","author":"Vaschetto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181cb0d7b","article-title":"Patient-ventilator interaction during pressure support ventilation and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist","volume":"38","author":"Spahija","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2052-9","article-title":"Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves patient-ventilator interaction","volume":"37","author":"Piquilloud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2850-y","article-title":"Patient-ventilator synchrony and sleep quality with proportional assist and pressure support ventilation","volume":"39","author":"Alexopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-1-42","article-title":"Sleep quality in mechanically ventilated patients: comparison between NAVA and PSV modes","volume":"1","author":"Delisle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","article-title":"Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Brower","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40304-8","article-title":"Postoperative psychosis after heart surgery","volume":"70","author":"Sveinsson","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib151","first-page":"445","article-title":"Postcardiotomy confusion and sleep loss","volume":"48","author":"Harrell","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060521990502","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060521990502","article-title":"Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired delirium: a case-control study","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001952","article-title":"The impact of interventions to improve sleep on delirium in the ICU: a systematic review and research framework","volume":"44","author":"Flannery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3320","article-title":"Preventive effects of ramelteon on delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Hatta","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12638","article-title":"The effect of a multicomponent multidisciplinary bundle of interventions on sleep and delirium in medical and surgical intensive care patients","volume":"69","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182746442","article-title":"The effect of a quality improvement intervention on perceived sleep quality and cognition in a medical ICU","volume":"41","author":"Kamdar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s005950200044","article-title":"A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"32","author":"Aizawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib158","first-page":"126","article-title":"Melatonin treatment in the prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery patients","volume":"12","author":"Artemiou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.10.009","article-title":"Impact of multicomponent, nonpharmacologic interventions on perioperative cortisol and melatonin levels and postoperative delirium in elderly oral cancer patients","volume":"62","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201710-1995OC","article-title":"Low-dose nocturnal dexmedetomidine prevents ICU delirium: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"197","author":"Skrobik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001325","article-title":"Low-dose dexmedetomidine improves sleep quality pattern in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery in the intensive care unit: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"125","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14154","article-title":"Sleep quality and quantity determined by polysomnography in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients randomized to dexmedetomidine or placebo","volume":"67","author":"Oxlund","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib163","author":"Lim","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1820","article-title":"Increased fragmentation of rest-activity patterns is associated with a characteristic pattern of cognitive impairment in older individuals","volume":"35","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22637","article-title":"Sleep, circadian rhythms, and dementia","volume":"70","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1276","article-title":"Association of sleep characteristics and cognition in older community-dwelling men: the MrOS sleep study","volume":"34","author":"Blackwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib167","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Sleep disturbances after hospitalization and critical illness: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Altman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1396-5","article-title":"Depression in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Davydow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00849","article-title":"The effect of anxiety and depression on sleep quality of individuals with high risk for insomnia: a population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5154","article-title":"The effects of sleep continuity disruption on positive mood and sleep architecture in healthy adults","volume":"38","author":"Finan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep (Basel)"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2015.12.002","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and anxiety in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors after ICU discharge","volume":"45","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-018-0295-7","article-title":"Self-reported fatigue following intensive care of chronically critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Wintermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396971-2.00011-7","article-title":"Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in social jetlag and mental illness","volume":"119","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.7.583","article-title":"Relationship between sleepiness and general health status","volume":"19","author":"Briones","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0793-7","article-title":"Effects of one night\u2019s sleep deprivation on anaerobic performance the following day","volume":"89","author":"Souissi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.01.002","article-title":"Early physical medicine and rehabilitation for patients with acute respiratory failure: a quality improvement project","volume":"91","author":"Needham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60658-9","article-title":"Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"373","author":"Schweickert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066610394322","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in critical illness: its role in physical and psychological recovery","volume":"27","author":"Kamdar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00003465-200307000-00009","article-title":"Effects of relaxation and imagery on the sleep of critically ill adults","volume":"22","author":"Richardson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib180","first-page":"38","article-title":"Effect of foot massage combined with the use of a Chinese herbal sleep pillow on sleep in coronary care unit patients","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Qilu Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.02.012","article-title":"The effectiveness of valerian acupressure on the sleep of ICU patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.19.13526-2","article-title":"Music therapy reduces stress and anxiety in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"85","author":"Umbrello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2012.06130.x","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the effects of listening to non-commercial music on quality of nocturnal sleep and relaxation indices in patients in medical intensive care unit","volume":"69","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2006.09.002","article-title":"Effects of music therapy in intensive care unit without sedation in weaning patients versus non-ventilated patients [in French]","volume":"26","author":"Jaber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib185","author":"Ewing","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib186","first-page":"CD008808","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in the intensive care unit","volume":"2015","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280211048494","article-title":"Sleep-promotion bundle development, implementation, and evaluation in critically ill adults: roles for pharmacists","volume":"56","author":"Louzon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14690","article-title":"Mapping sources of noise in an intensive care unit","volume":"74","author":"Darbyshire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.535","article-title":"Identification and modification of environmental noise in an ICU setting","volume":"114","author":"Kahn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.01.008","article-title":"Effect of nocturnal sound reduction on the incidence of delirium in intensive care unit patients: an interrupted time series analysis","volume":"41","author":"van de Pol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2001.10.2.74","article-title":"Quiet time: a nursing intervention to promote sleep in neurocritical care units","volume":"10","author":"Olson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.09.005","article-title":"Sleep in intensive care unit: the role of environment","volume":"37","author":"Boyko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2020.1867729","article-title":"Assessment of occupational personal sound exposures for music instructors","volume":"18","author":"Crawford","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.03.030","article-title":"The effect of a quality improvement intervention on sleep and delirium in critically ill patients in a surgical ICU","volume":"160","author":"Tonna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001557","article-title":"The efficacy of earplugs as a sleep hygiene strategy for reducing delirium in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Litton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14914","article-title":"Effect of earplugs and eye masks on the sleep quality of intensive care unit patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib197","first-page":"e0301","article-title":"A scoping review of implementation science in adult critical care settings","volume":"2","author":"McNett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044215","article-title":"An overview of research and evaluation designs for dissemination and implementation","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005131","article-title":"The coming of age of implementation science and research in critical care medicine","volume":"49","author":"Barr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15283","article-title":"Agile implementation: a blueprint for implementing evidence-based healthcare solutions","volume":"66","author":"Boustani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3001571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001571","article-title":"Recommendations for healthy daytime, evening, and night-time indoor light exposure","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/15502724.2021.1872383","article-title":"A review of human physiological responses to light: implications for the development of integrative lighting solutions","volume":"18","author":"Vetter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukos"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2021.1993240","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of light therapy in hospitalized patients\u2014a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Lindskov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2015.07.001","article-title":"Lighting, sleep and circadian rhythm: an intervention study in the intensive care unit","volume":"31","author":"Engwall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.04.004","article-title":"Influence of bright light therapy on postoperative patients: a pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Taguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.03.003","article-title":"The usefulness of bright light therapy for patients after oesophagectomy","volume":"27","author":"Ono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib207","first-page":"10","article-title":"Bright light treatment for prevention of perioperative delirium in elderly patients","volume":"3","author":"Taguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nurs Educ Pract"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201801-0170LE","article-title":"The effects of timed light exposure in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled pilot clinical trial","volume":"198","author":"Gehlbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00025-4","article-title":"Dynamic light application therapy to reduce the incidence and duration of delirium in intensive-care patients: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Simons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib210","first-page":"e14246","article-title":"Prospective randomized controlled pilot study of high-intensity lightbox phototherapy to prevent ICU-acquired delirium incidence","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0507-z","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disorders","volume":"14","author":"Depner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5390","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714813115","article-title":"Mistimed food intake and sleep alters 24-hour time-of-day patterns of the human plasma proteome","volume":"115","author":"Depner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib213","first-page":"A2879","article-title":"A pilot protocol for intermittent feeding in mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients [abstract]","volume":"203","author":"Korwin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Car Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02987-3","article-title":"Towards a fasting-mimicking diet for critically ill patients: the pilot randomized crossover ICU-FM-1 study","volume":"24","author":"Van Dyck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1433-z","article-title":"The association of sleep quality, delirium, and sedation status with daily participation in physical therapy in the ICU","volume":"19","author":"Kamdar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib216","first-page":"e0367","article-title":"Characterization of nocturnal neuroactive medication use and related sleep documentation in critically ill adults","volume":"3","author":"Hamidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020973198","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-led intensive care unit sleep improvement protocol on sleep duration and quality","volume":"55","author":"Andrews","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1286","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004690","article-title":"The effects of melatonin supplementation on sleep quality and assessment of the serum melatonin in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Gandolfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06638-9","article-title":"Prophylactic melatonin for delirium in intensive care (Pro-MEDIC): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Wibrow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003132","article-title":"Effect of administration of ramelteon, a melatonin receptor agonist, on the duration of stay in the ICU: a single-center randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Nishikimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12314","article-title":"Suvorexant is associated with a low incidence of delirium in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Masuyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R52","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6871","article-title":"Melatonin therapy to improve nocturnal sleep in critically ill patients: encouraging results from a small randomised controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Bourne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004004","article-title":"Ramelteon for prevention of postoperative delirium: a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing elective pulmonary thromboendarterectomy","volume":"47","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012204494640800_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e038474","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038474","article-title":"Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant on sleep architecture and delirium in the intensive care unit","volume":"10","author":"Azimaraghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/207\/7\/e49\/66438366\/ajrccm_207_7_e49.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/207\/7\/e49\/66438366\/ajrccm_207_7_e49.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T09:50:22Z","timestamp":1769075422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/207\/7\/e49\/8428304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"references-count":224,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202301-0184st","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}