{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:34:17Z","timestamp":1792499657971,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypoxemic respiratory failure is one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care. Frequent assessment of individual physiological characteristics and delivery of personalized mechanical ventilation (MV) settings is a constant challenge for clinicians caring for these patients. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a radiation-free bedside monitoring device that is able to assess regional lung ventilation and changes in aeration. With real-time tomographic functional images of the lungs obtained through a thoracic belt, clinicians can visualize and estimate the distribution of ventilation at different ventilation settings or following procedures such as prone positioning. Several studies have evaluated the performance of EIT to monitor the effects of different MV settings in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, allowing more personalized MV. For instance, EIT could help clinicians find the positive end-expiratory pressure that represents a compromise between recruitment and overdistension and assess the effect of prone positioning on ventilation distribution. The clinical impact of the personalization of MV remains to be explored. Despite inherent limitations such as limited spatial resolution, EIT also offers a unique noninvasive bedside assessment of regional ventilation changes in the ICU. This technology offers the possibility of a continuous, operator-free diagnosis and real-time detection of common problems during MV. This review provides an overview of the functioning of EIT, its main indices, and its performance in monitoring patients with acute respiratory failure. Future perspectives for use in intensive care are also addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-1118ci","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T13:24:20Z","timestamp":1703165060000},"page":"670-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Electrical Impedance Tomography to Monitor Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Franchineau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Medecine Intensive Reanimation, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Poissy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemijn H.","family":"Jonkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4226-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise","family":"Piquilloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Intensive Care Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6941-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Cardiopulmonary Department, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadrien","family":"Roz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoraco-Abdominal Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bordeaux University Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"R\u00e9animation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier C\u00f4te Basque, Bayonne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5600-1676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Camporota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Piraino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Combes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Groupe de Recherche Clinique 30, R\u00e9animation et Soins Intensifs du Patient en Insuffisance Respiratoire Aig\u00fce, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive - R\u00e9animation, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP) H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glasiele C.","family":"Alcala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Cardiopulmonary Department, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Cardiopulmonary Department, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9z","family":"Frerichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent J.","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2931-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Groupe de Recherche Clinique 30, R\u00e9animation et Soins Intensifs du Patient en Insuffisance Respiratoire Aig\u00fce, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive - R\u00e9animation, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP) H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012204283569100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries","volume":"315","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026012204283569100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","article-title":"Ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"369","author":"Slutsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J 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