{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:38:01Z","timestamp":1792798681773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003284","name":"Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003284","name":"Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter \u22642.5 \u03bcm is associated with adverse outcomes in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD), but the impact of ultrafine particulates (UFPs; aerodynamic diameter\u2009\u2264100\u2009nm) remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate UFP associations with clinical outcomes in fILD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study enrolling patients with fILD from the University of Pittsburgh Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (PFF-PR). Using a national-scale UFP model, we linked exposures using three approaches in the Simmons cohort (residential address geocoordinates, ZIP code centroid geocoordinates, and ZIP code average) and two in the PFF-PR for which only five-digit ZIP code was available (ZIP code centroid and ZIP code average). We tested UFP associations with transplantation-free survival using multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models, baseline percentage predicted FVC and Dl \u00a0CO using multivariable linear regressions, and decline in FVC and Dl \u00a0CO using linear mixed models adjusting for age, sex, smoking, race, socioeconomic status, site, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter \u22642.5, and nitrogen dioxide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Annual mean outdoor UFP concentrations for 2017 were estimated for 1,416 Simmons and 1,919 PFF-PR patients. Increased UFP concentration was associated with transplantation-free survival in fully adjusted Simmons residential address models (hazard ratio, 1.08 per 1,000 particles\/cm3 [95% confidence interval, 1.01\u20131.15]; P\u2009=\u20090.02) but not PFF-PR models, which used less precise linkage approaches. Higher UFP exposure was associated with lower baseline FVC and more rapid FVC decline in the Simmons registry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased UFP exposure was associated with transplantation-free survival and lung function in the cohort with precise residential location linkage. This work highlights the need for more robust regulatory networks to study the health effects of UFPs nationwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202307-1275oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T09:26:23Z","timestamp":1701249983000},"page":"1082-1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ambient Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Clinical Outcomes in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"209","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian C.","family":"Goobie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung Innovation and"},{"name":"St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Provat K.","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Carlsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung Innovation and"},{"name":"St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin F.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dorothy P. and Richard P. 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