{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:19:37Z","timestamp":1792095577435,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":569,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1TR004408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR004408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08HL146972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL146972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1TR004408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR004408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08HL146972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL146972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is characterized by extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling caused by plexiform and obliterative lesions, media hypertrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and alterations of the adventitia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to test the hypothesis that microscopic IPAH vascular lesions express unique molecular profiles, which collectively are different from control pulmonary arteries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used digital spatial transcriptomics to profile the genomewide differential transcriptomic signature of key pathological lesions (plexiform, obliterative, intima+media hypertrophy, and adventitia) in IPAH lungs (n\u2009=\u200911) and compared these data with the intima+media hypertrophy and adventitia of control pulmonary artery (n\u2009=\u20095).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We detected 8,273 transcripts in the IPAH lesions and control lung pulmonary arteries. Plexiform lesions and IPAH adventitia exhibited the greatest number of differentially expressed genes when compared with intima+media hypertrophy and obliterative lesions. Plexiform lesions in IPAH showed enrichment for 1) genes associated with transforming growth factor \u03b2 signaling and 2) mutated genes affecting the extracellular matrix and endothelial-mesenchymal transformation. Plexiform lesions and IPAH adventitia showed upregulation of genes involved in immune and IFN signaling, coagulation, and complement pathways. Cellular deconvolution indicated variability in the number of vascular and inflammatory cells between IPAH lesions, which underlies the differential transcript profiling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IPAH lesions express unique molecular transcript profiles enriched for pathways involving pathogenetic pathways, including genetic disease drivers, innate and acquired immunity, hypoxia sensing, and angiogenesis signaling. These data provide a rich molecular-structural framework in IPAH vascular lesions that inform novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this highly morbid disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202307-1310oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T11:16:43Z","timestamp":1712143003000},"page":"329-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Digital Spatial Profiling Identifies Distinct Molecular Signatures of Vascular Lesions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Rubin M.","family":"Tuder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Gandjeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly O.","family":"Kheyfets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, and"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle Matthew","family":"Hatton-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline R.","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute, and"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt R.","family":"Stenmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022020451313800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801913","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","article-title":"Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Simonneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12, Suppl. 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