{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:42:27Z","timestamp":1789825347106,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K01AI156022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K01AI156022-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI186597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI186597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Providence\/Boston Center for AIDS Research","award":["P30AI042853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI042853"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007161","name":"Boston University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rutgers Tuberculosis Research Unit","award":["U19AI111276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI111276"]}]},{"name":"Indo-US Vaccine Action Program Initiative on Tuberculosis"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2007920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent empirical research suggests that isoniazid may lead to a risk reduction of incident tuberculosis (TB) among close TB contacts of someone with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between isoniazid TB preventive treatment (TPT), compared to no treatment, upon incident TB in household contacts of MDR-TB cases using a large global consortium of TB contact tracing studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis among observational studies of household contact tracing studies. Participants were included if they were exposed to someone with MDR-TB and were given either 6\u2009months of isoniazid TPT or no TPT. Our primary outcome was incident TB in contacts exposed to TB. We derived adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) using mixed-effects, multivariable survival regression models with study-level random effects. The effectiveness of isoniazid TPT against incident TB was estimated through propensity score matching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included participant-level data from 6668 contacts exposed to MDR-TB from 17 countries. The effectiveness of isoniazid TPT against incident TB in contacts of MDR-TB was 57% (aHR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.26-0.71]) and did not appreciably change with adjustment for additional potential confounders. The reduction in incident TB was marginally greater among child (&amp;lt;20\u2009years old) contacts (aHR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.28-0.92) compared to adult contacts (aHR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.22-2.20]). The reduction in incidence was 73% (aHR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.11-0.70]) in the first year of follow-up; effectiveness dropped to 60% (aHR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.15-1.06]) from 12 to 23\u2009months of follow-up and was nonsignificant after 2 years (28% effectiveness; aHR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.33-1.54]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among &amp;gt;6500 contacts of MDR-TB, isoniazid TPT was highly effective in preventing incident TB. The reduction was greatest in high-burden countries and waned after 2\u2009years of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202411-2340oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T18:35:27Z","timestamp":1758652527000},"page":"129-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effectiveness of isoniazid preventive treatment among contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0954-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey 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Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsira","family":"Chakhaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases , Tbilisi,","place":["Georgia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Infectious Disease, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and 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