{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:38:06Z","timestamp":1787315886332,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an often fatal condition for which a genetic predisposition is postulated, although no specific genes have been identified to date. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) has a potential role in the pathogenesis of ARDS via effects on pulmonary vascular tone\/permeability, epithelial cell survival, and fibroblast activation. Forty-seven percent of the variance in plasma ACE activity is accounted for by the ACE insertion\/deletion (I\/D) polymorphism, the D allele being associated with higher activity. We therefore hypothesized that the presence of the D allele would be associated with the development of ARDS. Ninety-six white patients fulfilling American\/European Consensus Committee criteria for ARDS were genotyped for the ACE polymorphism together with individuals from three comparison groups: 88 white patients with non-ARDS respiratory failure ventilated in the intensive care unit (ICU), 174 ICU patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, and 1,906 individuals from a general population group. DD genotype frequency was increased in the patients with ARDS compared with the ICU (p = 0.00008), coronary artery bypass grafting (p = 0.0009), and general population group (p = 0.00004) control groups and was significantly associated with mortality in the ARDS group (p &amp;lt; 0.02). These data suggest a potential role for renin\u2013angiotensin systems in the pathogenesis of ARDS and for the first time implicate genetic factors in the development and progression of this syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2108086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]],"date-time":"2002-08-30T20:41:46Z","timestamp":1030740106000},"page":"646-650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":356,"title":["Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion\/Deletion Polymorphism Is Associated with Susceptibility and Outcome in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Respiratory Research and Cardiovascular Genetics, Royal Free and University College, London Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United 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