{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:13:06Z","timestamp":1790665986479,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We determined the effects of changing ventilatory stimuli on the hypocapnia-induced apneic and hypopneic thresholds in sleeping dogs. End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) was gradually reduced during non\u2013rapid eye movement sleep by increasing tidal volume with pressure support mechanical ventilation, causing a reduction in diaphragm electromyogram amplitude until apnea\/periodic breathing occurred. We used the reduction in PetCO2 below spontaneous breathing required to produce apnea (\u0394PetCO2) as an index of the susceptibility to apnea. \u0394PetCO2 was \u22125 mm Hg in control animals and changed in proportion to background ventilatory drive, increasing with metabolic acidosis (\u22126.7 mm Hg) and nonhypoxic peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation (almitrine; \u22125.9 mm Hg) and decreasing with metabolic alkalosis (\u22123.7 mm Hg). Hypoxia was the exception; \u0394PetCO2 narrowed (\u22124.1 mm Hg) despite the accompanying hyperventilation. Thus, hyperventilation and hypocapnia, per se, widened the \u0394PetCO2 thereby protecting against apnea and hypopnea, whereas reduced ventilatory drive and hypoventilation narrowed the \u0394PetCO2 and increased the susceptibility to apnea. Hypoxia sensitized the ventilatory responsiveness to CO2 below eupnea and narrowed the \u0394PetCO2; this effect of hypoxia was not attributable to an imbalance between peripheral and central chemoreceptor stimulation, per se. We conclude that the \u0394PetCO2 and the ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 between eupnea and the apneic threshold are changeable in the face of variations in the magnitude, direction, and\/or type of ventilatory stimulus, thereby altering the susceptibility for apnea, hypopnea, and periodic breathing in sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2110041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:02:33Z","timestamp":1027760553000},"page":"1251-1260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Effect of Ventilatory Drive on Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity below Eupnea during Sleep"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Departments of Population Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine; and Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Departments of Population Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine; and Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Rodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Departments of Population Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine; and Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Skatrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Departments of Population Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine; and Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome A.","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Departments of Population Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine; and Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031623133271300_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.3.813","volume":"55","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026031623133271300_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.1.8","volume":"138","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir 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