{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:32:14Z","timestamp":1790854334771,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This report deals with deaths and hospitalizations during the 5-year Lung Health Study, as documented by examination of appropriate records. There were 149 deaths (2.5%) during the study, caused largely by lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease. A total of 12.8% of participants were hospitalized, with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and nonmalignant respiratory disease accounting for 75% of hospitalizations. There were no significant differences among the original treatment groups for all-cause mortality, lung cancer, or hospitalizations for respiratory disease. Deaths and hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease were more common in the smoking intervention plus Atrovent inhaler (SI-A) group, which received ipratropium bromide, than in the smoking intervention plus placebo inhaler (SI-P) group, which received placebo, and the differences approached statistical significance. However, we were unable to find a dose effect, in that differences were not related to self-reported inhaler compliance. In the SI-A group, nine participants were hospitalized for supraventricular tachycardia as compared with two in the SI-P group, and SI-A participants with this condition were unusually compliant with their inhaled medication. When all participants were considered and smoking status considered as a time-dependent covariate, smoking cessation was associated with significant reductions in fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2110093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T17:37:17Z","timestamp":1033493837000},"page":"333-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":399,"title":["Hospitalizations and Mortality in the Lung Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Anthonisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Respiratory Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Connett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Respiratory Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Enright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Respiratory Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jure","family":"Manfreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Respiratory Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520190043033","volume":"272","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9901044","volume":"161","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(93)90021-5","volume":"14","year":"1993","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB4"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330120023025","volume":"248","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(91)90060-H","volume":"20","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB7","first-page":"823","volume":"112","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB8","first-page":"81","volume":"81(Suppl 5A)","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198020040-00001","volume":"20","year":"1980","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB10","first-page":"76","volume":"51","year":"1975","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.3.9904006","volume":"161","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.4.301","volume":"54","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.3.194","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026031623190530200_BIB14","first-page":"121","volume":"51(Suppl 7)","year":"1975","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/166\/3\/333\/67363236\/ajrccm_166_3_333.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/166\/3\/333\/67363236\/ajrccm_166_3_333.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T03:25:25Z","timestamp":1773717925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/166\/3\/333\/8516984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.2110093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]}}}