{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:29:36Z","timestamp":1774124976872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent literature in mechanical ventilation includes strong evidence from randomized trials. Little information is available regarding the influence of these trials on usual clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe current mechanical ventilation practices and to assess the influence of interval randomized trials when compared with findings from a 1998 cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective international observational cohort study, with a nested comparative study performed in 349 intensive care units in 23 countries. We enrolled 4,968 consecutive patients receiving mechanical ventilation over a 1-month period. We recorded demographics and daily data related to mechanical ventilation for the duration of ventilation. We systematically reviewed the literature and developed 11 practice-change hypotheses for the comparative cohort study before seeing these results. In assessing practice changes, we only compared data from the 107 intensive care units (1,675 patients) that also participated in the 1998 cohort (1,383 patients).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2004 compared with 1998, the use of noninvasive ventilation increased (11.1 vs. 4.4%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, tidal volumes decreased (7.4 vs. 9.1 ml\/kg, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and positive end-expiratory pressure levels increased slightly (8.7 vs. 7.7 cm H2O, P = 0.02). More patients were successfully extubated after their first attempt of spontaneous breathing (77 vs. 62%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Use of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation fell dramatically (1.6 vs. 11%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Observations confirmed 10 of our 11 practice-change hypotheses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The strong concordance of predicted and observed practice changes suggests that randomized trial results have advanced mechanical ventilation practices internationally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200706-893oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,25]],"date-time":"2007-10-25T19:48:56Z","timestamp":1193341736000},"page":"170-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":529,"title":["Evolution of Mechanical Ventilation in Response to Clinical Research"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Esteban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Niall D.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, and Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}]},{"given":"Maureen O.","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Frutos-Vivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Apezteguia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Profesor A. Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, Centre Hospitalier Albert-Chenvier\u2013Henri Mondor, INSERM U 841, Universit\u00e9 Paris 12, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Raymondos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Nin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Montevideo, Uruguay"}]},{"given":"Vinko","family":"Tomicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Medell\u00edn y Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Elizalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital ABC, M\u00e9xico DF, M\u00e9xico"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Fekri","family":"Abroug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale di Circolo, Universita\u2019 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Varese, Italy"}]},{"given":"Yaseen","family":"Arabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Santo Ant\u00f3nio dos Capuchos, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Jibaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Militar de Quito, 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