{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:39:34Z","timestamp":1772627974178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in asthma, but the underlying role of general and organ fat is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesized that organ fat, rather than the total fat mass, increases the risk of asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a population-based prospective cohort study among 5,421 children aged 10 years, we measured general fat including body mass index and fat mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and organ fat including subcutaneous fat index, visceral fat index, pericardial fat index, and liver fat fraction by magnetic resonance imaging. Lung function was measured by spirometry. Current asthma was assessed by questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher body mass index and fat mass index were associated with higher FEV1 (z-score difference [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.16 [0.14 to 0.19] and z-score difference [95% CI], 0.06 [0.03 to 0.09] per SD score increase, respectively), higher FVC (z-score difference [95% CI], 0.19 [0.17 to 0.22] and z-score difference [95% CI], 0.07 [0.04 to 0.10]), and lower FEV1\/FVC ratio (z-score difference [95% CI], \u22120.07 [\u22120.10 to \u22120.05] and z-score difference [95% CI], \u22120.03 [\u22120.06 to \u22120.00]) but not with forced expiratory flow after exhaling 75% of FVC or asthma. Higher visceral fat index, independent of fat mass index, was associated with higher FVC (z-score difference [95% CI], 0.07 [0.03 to 0.10]), lower FEV1\/FVC (z-score difference [95% CI], \u22120.05 [\u22120.09 to \u22120.01]), and higher risk of asthma (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.43 per SD score increase). No other organ fat measures were independently associated with lung function or asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The obesity\u2013asthma link is driven mainly by visceral fat, independent of total fat mass; therefore, abdominal fat might contribute to asthma development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201905-0942oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T17:42:12Z","timestamp":1570642932000},"page":"348-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["General and Organ Fat Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Respiratory Outcomes in Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5381-6287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Mensink-Bout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, and"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien R.","family":"van Meel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and"}]},{"given":"Edwin H. G.","family":"Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Johan C.","family":"de Jongste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2939-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent W. V.","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, and"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Duijts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030321403119300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026030321403119300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026030321403119300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800504","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00504-2018","article-title":"Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? 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