{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:11:27Z","timestamp":1777435887533,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During a survey of soil nematodes in Iran, three species of predatory nematodes, including a new species of the genus\u00a0Mylonchulus Cobb, 1916 were recovered. Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. is characterised by its body length (1.2\u20131.4\u00a0mm), six rows of rasp-like denticles, the sixth line consisting of four denticles, female tail slightly sigmoid, sharply bent\u00a0ventrad with digitate posterior portion slightly but clearly bent dorsad, (37\u201349 \u03bcm long, c=27.9\u201338.9, c'=1.2\u20131.7) with a\u00a0terminal opening of spinneret. Two advulval papillae present, one is pre-vulval and the other one is located posterior to\u00a0vulva. Furthermore, two other mononchid species namely M. cf. hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey, 1951 and\u00a0Mononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865 were also recovered from soil in the province of Kerman, Iran, the former\u00a0representing a new geographical record for Iran. Measurements and illustration are provided for these three species.\u00a0Molecular study of 18S rDNA region of M. cf. hawaiiensis demonstrated that the Iranian population compared with the nearest populations identified as M. hawaiiensis from Japan, shows 5 to 8 nucleotide differences. In addition, phylogeny of Mylonchulus is discussed and a checklist of the species of Mononchida from Iran is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3599.6.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:21:43Z","timestamp":1357777303000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida)"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"3599","author":[{"given":"EBRAHIM","family":"SHOKOOHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ABDOLRAHMAN","family":"MEHRABI-NASAB","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MAHDIEH","family":"MIRZAEI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VLADA","family":"PENEVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"46727","unstructured":"<p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Ahmad, W. &amp; Jairajpuri, M.S. (2010) <em>Mononchida: The Predaceous Nematodes<\/em>. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, Vol.7. Brill Leiden-Boston, The Netherlands, 298 pp. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/ej.9789004174641.i-298\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/ej.9789004174641.i-298<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Andr\u00e1ssy, I. (1958) \u00dcber das System der Mononchiden (Mononchidae Chitwood, 1937: Nematoda). <em>Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, <\/em>50, 151\u2013171.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Andr\u00e1ssy, I. (1992) A taxonomic survey of the family Mylonchulidae (Nematoda). <em>Opuscula Zoologica Budapest<\/em>, 25<em>,<\/em> 11\u201335.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Andr\u00e1ssy, I. (1993) A taxonomic survey of the family Mononchidae (Nematoda). <em>Acta Zoologica Hungarica<\/em>, 39, 13\u201360.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Andr\u00e1ssy, I. (2011) Three new species of the genus <em>Mononchus <\/em>(Nematoda: Mononchida), and the \u201creal\u201d <em>Mononchus truncatus <\/em>Bastian, 1865. <em>Journal of Natural History, <\/em>45, 303\u2013326. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/00222933.2010.524947\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/00222933.2010.524947<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Baermann<em>,<\/em> G. (1917) Eine einfache Methode zur Auffindung von <em>Ankylostomum<\/em> (Nematoden) Larven in Erdproben. <em>Geneeskunding Tijdschrift Nederland-Indi\u00eb<\/em>, 57, 131\u2013137.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Baqri, S.Z. &amp; Jairajpuri, M.S. (1974) Studies on Mononchida V. The mononchs of El-Salvador with descriptions of two new genera, <em>Actus <\/em>and <em>Paracrassibucca<\/em>. <em>Nematologica, <\/em>19, 326\u2013333.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Barooti, S. &amp; Nowrouzi, R. (2000) Report of <em>Miconchoides studeri<\/em> Steiner, 1914 in the soil of Mazandaran province and report of <em>Longidorus orientalis<\/em> Loof, 1983 in the soil of Khouzestan province. <em>Iranian Plant Protection Congress<\/em>, Pp 190. (In Persian).<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Barooti, S. (1997) The plant nematode fauna of cultivated soil of East-Azarbaijan, Ardabil and Moghan. <em>Applied Entomology and Phytopathology<\/em>, <em>66,<\/em> 79\u201398 (Persian text); 32\u201335. (English abstract).<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Bastian, H.C. (1865) Monograph of the Anguillulidae or free nematoids, marine, land and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. <em>Transaction of the Linnean Society of London<\/em>, 25, 73\u2013184. <br \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00179.x\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00179.x<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Blaxter, M. L., De Ley, P., Garey, G. R., Liu, L. X., Scheldeman, P., Vierstraete, A., Vanfleteren, J. R., Mackey, L. Y., Dorris, M., Frisse, L. M., Vida, J. T. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (1998) A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda. <em>Nature<\/em>, 392, 71\u201375. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/32160\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/32160<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">B\u00fctschli, O. (1873) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der freilebenden Nematoden. <em>Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leipold-Carolinae Nat Curios, <\/em>36, 1\u201324.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Cassidy, G.H. (1931) Some mononchs of Hawaii. <em>Hawaiian Planters\u2019 Record, <\/em>35, 305\u2013339.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Chaves, E. (1990) Mononchida (Nematoda) from Argentina. <em>Nematologica, <\/em>36, 181\u2013193. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/002925990X00149\"><br \/> <\/a> http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/002925990X00149<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Cobb, M.V. (1915) Some freshwater nematodes of the Douglas Lake Region of Michigan, USA. <em>Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, <\/em>34, 21\u201347. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2307\/3221598\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2307\/3221598<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Cobb, N.A. (1916) Subdivisions of <em>Mononchus<\/em>. <em>Journal of Parasitology<\/em>, 2, 195\u2013196.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Cobb, N.A. (1917) The mononchs (<em>Mononchus <\/em>Bastian, 1866). A genus of free-living predatory nematodes. Contributions to a science of Nematology VI. <em>Soil Science<\/em>, 3, 431\u2013486. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/00010694-191705000-00004\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/00010694-191705000-00004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Coetzee, V. (1968) Southern African species of the genera <em>Mononchus <\/em>and <em>Prionchulus <\/em>(Mononchidae). <em>Nematologica<\/em>, 14, 63\u201376. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/187529268X00651\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/187529268X00651<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">De Coninck, L.A.P. (1939) Les n\u00e9matodes libres de la grotte de Han (Han-sur-lesse, Belgique). Note de biosp\u00e9l\u00e9ologie. <em>Bulletin du Mus\u00e9e Royal d\u2019Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, <\/em>15, 1\u201340.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">De Bruin, S. &amp; Heyns, J. (1992) Mononchida (Nematoda) from Southern Africa: genera <em>Mylonchulus <\/em>(Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953 and <em>Granonchulus<\/em> Andr\u00e1ssy, 1958. <em>Phytophylactica<\/em>, 24, 169\u2013193.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">De Grisse, A. (1969) Redescription ou modifications de quelques techniques utililisees dans l<sup>\u2019<\/sup>etude des nematodes phytoparasitaires. <em>Mededelingen van de Rijksfaculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Gent<\/em>, 34, 351\u2013369.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">De Man, J.G. (1876) Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. <em>Tijdschrift Nederlandsche dierkundige Vereeniging, <\/em>2, 78\u2013196.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">De Man, J.G. (1880) Die einheimischen, frei in der reinen Erde und im s\u00fcssen Wasser lebenden Nematoden. <em>Tijdschrift Nederlandsche dierkundige Vereeniging, <\/em>5, 1\u2013104.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Doucet, M.E. (1980) Description of a new species of the genus <em>Mylonchulus<\/em> (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). <em>Nematologia Mediterranea<\/em>, 8(1), 37\u201342.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Dujardin, F. (1845) <em>Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. <\/em>Paris, France, Librairie Encyclop\u00e9dique de Roret, 654 pp. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5962\/bhl.title.10123\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5962\/bhl.title.10123<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Farahmand, S., Eskandari, A., Orselli, L. &amp; Karegar, A. (2009a) Some known species of the genera <em>Mononchus <\/em>Bastian, 1865 and <em>Mylonchulus <\/em>(Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953 (Nematoda: Mononchina) from Semnan province, Iran. <em>Nematologia Mediterranea<\/em>, 37,<em> <\/em>145\u2013154.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Farahmand, S., Eskandari, A., Viciguerra, M. T., Orselli, L. &amp; Karegar, A. (2009b) New and known species of the family Mononchidae (Nematoda) from Iran. <em>International Journal of Nematology<\/em>, 19 (2), 137\u2013143.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Goodey, T. (1951) <em>Soil and freshwater nematodes<\/em>. London, UK, Methuen, 390 pp.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. <em>Nucleic Acid Symposium Series<\/em>, 41, 95\u201398.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Holterman, M., van der Wurff, A., van den Elsen &amp; van Megen, H. (2006) Phylum-wide analysis of SSU rDNA reveals deep phylogenetic relationships among nematodes and accelerated evolution toward crown clades. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution, <\/em>13, 1792\u20131800. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msl044\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msl044<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Jairajpuri, D.S. (1982) <em>Mylonchulus sessus <\/em>n. sp. (Nematoda: Mononchida) from Brunei. <em>Systematic Parasitology, <\/em>4, 185\u2013187. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00019002\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00019002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Jairajpuri, M.S. &amp; Khan, W.U. (1977) Studies on Mononchida of India. IX. Further division of the genus <em>Clarkus <\/em>Jairajpuri, 1970 with the proposal of <em>Coomansus <\/em>n. gen. (Family Mononchidae Chitwood, 1937) and descriptions of two new species. <em>Nematologica, <\/em>23, 89\u201396. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/187529277X00264\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/187529277X00264<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Jairajpuri, M.S. (1969) Studies on Mononchida of India. I. The genera <em>Hadronchus, Iotonchus <\/em>and<em> Miconchus,<\/em> and a revised classification of Mononchida, new order. <em>Nematologica<\/em>, 15, 557\u2013581. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/187529269X00894\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/<\/a>187529269X00894<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Jairajpuri, M.S. (1970) Studies on Mononchida of India. II. The genera <em>Mononchus<\/em>, <em>Clarkus <\/em>n. gen. and <em>Prionchulus <\/em>(Family Mononchidae Chitwood, 1937). <em>Nematologica<\/em>, 16, 213\u2013221. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/187529270X00225\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/187529270X00225<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Jensen, H.J. &amp; Mulvey, R.H. (1968) <em>Predaceous nematodes (Mononchidae) of Oregon<\/em>. Oregon State Monographs, Studies in Zoology No. 12, 57 pp.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Loof, P.A.A. (1999) Nematoda: Adenophorea (Dorylaimida). <em>S\u00fc\u00dfwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa<\/em>. 4\/2-2, 264 pp. Spektrum Akademisher Verlag. Heidelberg-Berlin.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Loof, P.A.A., Barooti, S. &amp; Kheiri, A. (1990) Predatory nematodes (Mononchina) from Iran. <em>Applied Entomology and Phytopathology<\/em>, 57<em>, <\/em>99\u2013114 (Persian text); 27\u201336 (English abstract).<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">McCarthy, C. (1997) Chromas, Version 1.41, Griffith University, Brisbane.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Mulvey, R.H. &amp; Jensen, H.J. (1967) The Mononchidae of Nigeria. <em>Canadian Journal of Zoology, <\/em>45, 667\u2013727. <br \/> <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1139\/z67-084\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1139\/z67-084<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Mulvey, R.H. (1961) The Mononchidae: a family of predaceous nematodes I. Genus <em>Mylonchulus<\/em> (Enoplida: Mononchidae). <em>Canadian Journal of Zoology<\/em>, 39, 665\u2013696. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1139\/z61-070\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1139\/z61-070<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Nowruzi, R. &amp; Barooti, S. (2001) Some predatory and plant parasitic nematodes from Bushehr province, Iran. <em>Applied Entomology and Phytopathology<\/em>, 68,<em> <\/em>143\u2013154 (In Persian); 9\u201311 (English abstract).<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Nowruzi, R., &amp; Barooti, S. (1997) Predatory and plant parasitic nematodes from Hormozgan province. <em>Applied Entomology and Phytopathology<\/em>, 64, 49\u201358 (In Persian); 14\u201316 (English abstract).<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Olia, M., Choudhary, M., Ahmad, W. &amp; Jairajpuri M.S. (2004) Nematodes of the order Mononchida from Iran with description of <em>Anatonchus kafii <\/em>sp. n. <em>International Journal of Nematology<\/em>, 14,<em> <\/em>135\u2013138.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Olia, M., Ahmad, W., Araki, M. &amp; Minaka, N. (2009) Molecular characterisation of some species of <em>Mylonchulus <\/em>(Nematoda: Mononchida) from Japan and comments on the status of <em>Paramylonchulus <\/em>and <em>Pakmylonchulus<\/em>. <em>Nematology, <\/em>11 (3), 337\u2013342. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156854109X446935\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156854109X446935<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Olia, M., Ahmad, W., Araki, M., Minaka, N., Oba, H. &amp; Okada, H. (2008) <em>Actus salvadoricus <\/em>Baqri &amp; Jairajpuri (Mononchida: Mylonchulidae) from Japan with comment on the phylogenetic position of the genus <em>Actus <\/em>based on 18S rDNA sequences. <em>Japanese Journal of Nematology<\/em>, 38 (2), 57\u201369. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3725\/jjn.38.57\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3725\/jjn.38.57<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Soni, G.R. &amp; Nama, H.S. (1980) On a new species of <em>Mylonchulus<\/em> (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1956 (Nematoda: Mylonchulidae). <em>Current Science<\/em>, 49, 750\u2013751.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Steiner, G. (1914) Freilebende Nematoden aus der Schweiz. 1. Teil einer vorlaufigen Mitteilung. <em>Archiv f\u00fcr Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde, <\/em>9, 259\u2013276.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Tabassum, K.A., Shahina, F. and Shaukat S.S. (2001) Three new records of the order Mononchida (Enoplida: Nematoda) from Pakistan. <em>Pakistan Journal of Nematology, <\/em>19, 41\u2013 47.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., &amp; Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.<em> Molecular Biology and Evolution. <\/em>d<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msr121\">oi: 10.1093\/molbev\/msr121<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msr121\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msr121<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Van Megen, H., Van Den Elsen, S., Holterman, M., Karssen, G., Mooyman, P., Bongers, T., Holovachov, A., Bakker, J. &amp; Helder, J. (2009) A phylogenetic tree of nematodes based on about 1200 full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. <em>Nematology<\/em>, 11(6), 927\u2013950. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156854109X456862\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156854109X456862<\/a><\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Wu, H.W. &amp; Hoeppli, R.J.C. (1929) Free-living nematodes from Fookien and Chekiang. <em>Archiv f\u00fcr Schiffs- und Tropen-Hygiene, <\/em>33, 35\u201343.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Yeates, G.W. (1992) Nematodes from New Caledonia. 1. Introduction and Mononchoidea. <em>Fundamental and Applied Nematology<\/em>, 15,<em> <\/em>101\u2013126.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Zullini, A., Loof, P.A.A. &amp; Bongers, T. (2002) Free-living nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica. 2. Mononchina. <em>Nematology<\/em>, 4,<em> <\/em>1\u201323. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156854102760082168\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156854102760082168<\/a><\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.3599.6.2\/30116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.3599.6.2\/30116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T02:55:36Z","timestamp":1710730536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.3599.6.2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.3599.6.2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]}}}