{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T09:29:15Z","timestamp":1751880555791,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A species of genus Panagrellus was discovered from a wet season form of an oriental common evening brown butterfly Melanitis leda. In this study, a detailed description of Panagrellus ceylonensis is provided including the morphometry, light microscopy and molecular (18S and 28S rDNA genes) studies. Morphological studies on the species agree with original description and characterized by having 1250\u20131481\u00b5m long body in females and 949\u20131305\u00b5m in males, lateral fields with four longitudinal incisures, lip region continuous and 8\u201311 \u00b5m wide, six offset lips with protruding labial sensilla, neck 124\u2013173 \u00b5m long, excretory pore at the level of basal bulb, vulva post-equatorial (V = 68\u201371), vagina anteriorly orientated with heavily muscled vaginal walls, post-vulval uterine sac 111\u2013135 \u00b5m long or 1.7\u20132.6 times as long as the corresponding body diameter, tail conical elongate with an acute terminus in both sexes, spicule 71\u201391 \u00b5m long, ventrally curved having hooked manubrium and bifurcated lamina tip, lamina ventrally curved with dorsal deflexion at about 60% of spicule length, gubernaculum 26\u201331 \u00b5m long and well developed. Morphologically, the Indian population of P. ceylonensis does not show a significant difference from the type material of P. ceylonensis in the original description. For molecular studies of this species, the sequence of 18S rDNA is obtained for the first time. Phylogenetic trees based on 18S and 28S rDNA sequences are provided in this study. Additionally, bionomics and global distribution of the species of Panagrellus genus are also discussed. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive morphological characterisation and molecular marker sequences of 18S, and 28S genes that can be used to support future taxonomical research on this species and emphasizes the importance of combining molecular data with morphological data to describe the species accurately.\n\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5383.4.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T22:13:19Z","timestamp":1702419199000},"page":"491-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"5383","author":[{"family":"HEENA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7058-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"NITESH","family":"KUMAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-0026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ASHOK KUMAR","family":"CHAUBEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"261356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abolafia, J., Alizadeh, M. & Khakvar, R. 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(1962) Check lists of the nematode superfamilies Dorylaimoidea, Rhabditoidea, Tylenchoidea and Aphelenchoidea. Leiden, Brill, 261 pp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004631779","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004631779"},{"key":"261363","unstructured":"Brunold, E. (1950) \u00dcber eine neue Nematodenart der Gattung Anguillula aus Drosophila-N\u00e4hrb\u00f6den. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturf. Gesellschaft in Z\u00fcrich, 95, 148\u2013150."},{"key":"261364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunold, E. (1954) Z\u00fcr Morphologie, Biologie und bakterienfreien Z\u00fcchtung des Nematoden Panagrellus zymosiphilus Brunold 1950. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Morphologie und \u00d6kologie der Tiere, 42, 373\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00407581","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00407581"},{"key":"261365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camerota, M., Mazza, G., Carta, L.K., Paoli, F., Torrini, G., Benvenuti, C., Carletti, B., Francardi, V. & Roversi, P.F. 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(2005) An integrated approach to fast and informative morphological vouchering of nematodes for applications in molecular barcoding. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360 (1462), 1945\u20131958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2005.1726.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1726"},{"key":"261370","unstructured":"Man, J.G. de (1881) Die Eingheimischen, frei in der reinen erde und im s\u00fcssen wasser lebends Nematoden. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, Ver. 5, 1\u2013104."},{"key":"261371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e9lix, M.A., Ailion, M., Hsu, J.C., Richaud, A. & Wang, J. (2018) Pristionchus nematodes occur frequently in diverse rotting vegetal substrates and are not exclusively necromenic, while Panagrellus redivivoides is found specifically in rotting fruits. 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London, Methuen & Co., 544 pp."},{"key":"261376","unstructured":"Hechler, H.C. (1971a) Taxonomic notes on four species of Panagrellus Thorne (Nematoda, Cephalobidae). Journal of Nematology, 3, 227\u2013237."},{"key":"261377","unstructured":"Hechler, H.C. (1971b) Panagrellus ceylonensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Cephalobidae). Journal of Nematology, 3, 246\u2013250."},{"key":"261378","unstructured":"Heena & Chaubey, A.K. (2023) In vitro cost-effective culture technique for pure line production of facultative nematode parasites of insects and free-living nematodes. Russian journal of nematology, 31 (2), 101\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24412\/0869-6918-2023-2-101-109"},{"key":"261379","unstructured":"Heindl-Mengert, H. (1956) Die Nematodenfauna im Schleimfluss lebender Laubba\u00fcme. Sitzungberichte der Physikalisch Medizinischen Soziet\u00e4t Erlangen, 77, 158\u2013176."},{"key":"261380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivanova, E., Perfilieva, K. & Spiridonov, S. 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(1992) Nematode molecular evolution. An investigation of evolutionary patterns among nematodes based upon DNA sequences. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Nottingham, 228 pp."},{"key":"261392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez, R., Mendoza-de-Gives, P., Aguilar-Marcelino, L., L\u00f3pez-Arellano, M. E., Gamboa-Angulo, M., Hanako Rosas-Saito, G., Reyes-Est\u00e9banez, M. & Guadalupe Garc\u00eda-Rubio, V. (2018) In-vitro lethal activity of the nematophagous fungus Clonostachys rosea (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against nematodes of five different taxa. BioMed research international, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3501827","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3501827"},{"key":"261393","unstructured":"R\u00fchm, W. (1956) Die Nematoden der Ipiden. Parasitologische Schriftenreihe, 6, 1\u2013437."},{"key":"261394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samoiloff, M.R. & Pasternak, J. (1969) Nematode morphogenesis: the structure of the molting cycles in Panagrellus silusiae (de Man 1913) Goodey 1945. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 47, 639\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z69-109","DOI":"10.1139\/z69-109"},{"key":"261395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandground, J.H. (1939) Cephalobus parasiticus n. sp. and \u201cPseudostrongyloidiasis\u201d in Macaca irus mordax. Parasitology, 31, 132\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003118200001266X","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200001266X"},{"key":"261396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanwal, K.C. (1960) Panagrellus dubius n. sp. (Nematoda, Turbatricinae Goodey, 1943) from frass of beetle Sternochetus lapathi (L.), with remarks on redescriptions of Anguillula rediviva (L., 1767). 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