{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:02:12Z","timestamp":1783771332378,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]],"date-time":"1994-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":767750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent evidence suggests that the alveolar macrophage-derived cytokines tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-1 \u03b2 (IL-1 \u03b2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play important roles in granulomatous diseases. Our objective was to quantify the mRNA for these cytokines in beryllium disease, a human granulomatous disease of known etiology. We hypothesized that alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with beryllium disease and sarcoidosis would express increased levels of mRNA and proteins, respectively, for TNF-\u03b1, IL-1 \u03b2, and IL-6 compared with those of normal individuals. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage and used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine alveolar macrophage-derived cytokine gene expression. We determined lavage fluid cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In patients with beryllium disease (n = 23), we observed elevated macrophage mRNA expression for TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 when compared with that of normal subjects (n = 7). Sarcoidosis patients (n = 6) also had increased expression for TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 compared with that of normal volunteers. IL-1 \u03b2 expression was similar in all three groups. In patients with beryllium disease (n = 39), lavage fluid TNF-\u03b1 concentration was higher than that of 16 normal subjects. Lavage fluid IL-1 \u03b2 and IL-6 levels did not differ among the groups. This is the first report of macrophage cytokine expression in beryllium disease. These novel findings suggest that macrophage expression of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 may be important in the human granulomatous inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.10.5.8179912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T22:29:38Z","timestamp":1365028178000},"page":"506-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Alveolar Macrophages from Patients With Beryllium Disease and Sarcoidosis Express Increased Levels of mRNA for Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 and Interleukin-6 but not Interleukin-1 \u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"T W","family":"Bost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Riches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Carr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T Z","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L S","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/10\/5\/506\/67373058\/ajrcmb_10_5_506.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/10\/5\/506\/67373058\/ajrcmb_10_5_506.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T04:47:46Z","timestamp":1773722866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article\/10\/5\/506\/8525211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/ajrcmb.10.5.8179912","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-1549","1535-4989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-1549","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]}}}