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In this study, we describe for the first time the presence of lymphocyte chemoattractant activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from asthmatics 6 h after antigen challenge. The majority of the chemoattractant activity at this early time point is represented by IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor), a CD4+ cell-specific chemoattractant and growth factor. In addition to IL-16, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 \u03b1 (MIP1 \u03b1) chemotactic bioactivity was detected in significant levels. While IL-16, MIP1 \u03b1, and IL-8 were all identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the great majority of the lymphocyte chemoattractant activity in the BAL fluid after antigen challenge is attributable to IL-16 and MIP1 \u03b1. There were no detectable levels of IL-16 nor MIP1 \u03b1 in BAL fluid of antigen-challenged normal subjects nor atopic nonasthmatics nor in saline-challenged lobes from the asthmatics. The identification of multiple lymphocyte chemoattractants early after antigen challenge suggests a complex cellular, as well as chemoattractant cytokine, profile in initiating the CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory process that is specific for the atopic asthmatic phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.13.6.7576712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1365028147000},"page":"738-747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Early Identification of Interleukin-16 (Lymphocyte Chemoattractant Factor) and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 \u03b1 (MIP1 \u03b1) in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Antigen-Challenged Asthmatics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"W W","family":"Cruikshank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R E","family":"Tarpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Kornfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M P","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Teran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S T","family":"Holgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Center","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/13\/6\/738\/67384729\/ajrcmb_13_6_738.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/13\/6\/738\/67384729\/ajrcmb_13_6_738.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:59:17Z","timestamp":1773799157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article\/13\/6\/738\/8526722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/ajrcmb.13.6.7576712","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-1549","1535-4989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-1549","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]}}}