{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:59:25Z","timestamp":1791295165036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]],"date-time":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression. Nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) is a critical transcription factor for maximal expression of many cytokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis syndrome. Activation and regulation of NF-\u03baB are tightly controlled by a group of inhibitory proteins (I\u03baB) that sequester NF-\u03baB in the cytoplasm of immune\/inflammatory effector cells. NF-\u03baB activation involves signaled phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteolysis of I\u03baB. Liberated NF-\u03baB migrates to the nucleus, where it binds to specific promoter sites and activates gene transcription. The activation of NF-\u03baB initiates both extracellular and intracellular regulatory events that result in autoregulation of the inflammatory cascade through modulation of NF-\u03baB activation. Recently, activation of NF-\u03baB has been linked to ARDS and has been shown to be a critical proximal step in the initiation of neutrophilic inflammation in animal models. Activation of NF-\u03baB can be inhibited in vivo by treatment with antioxidants, corticosteroids, and the induction of endotoxin tolerance. Identification of more specific and efficacious inhibitors of NF-\u03baB activation might prove beneficial for the treatment of cytokine-mediated inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.17.1.f132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T22:17:51Z","timestamp":1365027471000},"page":"3-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":824,"title":["The Role of Nuclear Factor-\u03ba B in Cytokine Gene Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Christman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030700200056300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90346-6","article-title":"Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences.","volume":"46","author":"Sen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026030700200056300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.649","article-title":"The NF-\u03baB and I\u03baB proteins: new discoveries and insights.","volume":"14","author":"Baldwin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. 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