{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:47:32Z","timestamp":1772930852296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]],"date-time":"1997-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":870393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), a major product of alveolar macrophages (AM), has been implicated in many pulmonary diseases. Histamine, a mediator important in pulmonary inflammation, has been demonstrated to regulate the production of TNF-\u03b1 by monocytes. In this study, we show that human AM and monocytes differ in their responses to histamine. Whereas histamine suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNF-\u03b1 production by monocytes through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, it had no effect on either cAMP levels or TNF-\u03b1 production by AM. In contrast, both PGE2 and IL-10 suppressed LPS-stimulated TNF-\u03b1 production by AM and monocytes. The lack of response of AM to histamine appears unique, as histamine suppressed LPS-stimulated TNF-\u03b1 production by mononuclear cells isolated from sites of acute and chronic inflammation, as well as from noninflammatory tissues, and by macrophages differentiated in vitro. In the presence of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1- methylxanthine, histamine increased cAMP levels in AM. Freshly isolated monocytes and AM did not differ in PDE activity. However, PDE activity in AM, but not in monocytes, was increased 15 min after culture with histamine and may, in part, be responsible for the inability of histamine to suppress TNF-\u03b1 production by AM. However, this increase was small and we hypothesize that additional mechanisms may contribute to the unresponsiveness of AM to histamine. We suggest that the lack of response of AM to histamine may be important in the host defense function of AM in the distal lung.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.17.2.2722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T22:21:53Z","timestamp":1365027713000},"page":"218-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inability of Histamine to Regulate TNF-\u03b1 Production by Human Alveolar Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Rowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Finlay-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence E.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prue H.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030700213973700_B1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Inflammatory and immune processes in the human lung in health and disease: evaluation by bronchoalveolar lavage.","volume":"97","author":"Hunninghake","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. 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