{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:47:59Z","timestamp":1791308879553,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A murine model was used to assess the role of cytokines in initiating protective T-cell-mediated immunity in the lung. A pulmonary infection was initiated by intratracheal inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans (Cne). Previously, we had established that Cne lung clearance was mouse-strain-specific: C.B-17 mice were resistant and developed a Th1-like response, whereas C57BL\/6 mice were susceptible and did not develop a Th1 response. In the present study we showed that monoclonal anti-interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and anti-interleukin-12 (IL-12) antibody administration prior to infection of resistant C.B-17 mice inhibited lung clearance of Cne. Cytokine profiles of lung and lung-associated lymph nodes (LALN) from monoclonal antibody (mAb)-treated C.B-17 mice were switched from Th1-like to Th2-like, and mAb-treated C.B-17 mice exhibited lung eosinophilia, which was absent in control C.B-17 mice. Additionally, C.B-17 mice treated with anti-IFN-\u03b3 and anti-IL-12 mAb demonstrated a significantly lower percentage of lung macrophages expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) than did control mice. These studies clearly demonstrate that both IFN-\u03b3 and IL-12 are required for initiation of a Th1 response in resistant C.B-17 mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.17.6.2879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T22:24:42Z","timestamp":1365027882000},"page":"733-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["IL-12 and IFN-\u03b3 Are Required for Initiating the Protective Th1 Response to Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Resistant C.B-17 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Hoag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunobiology Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Lipscomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunobiology Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo A.","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunobiology Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunobiology Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030700202784700_B1"},{"key":"2026030700202784700_B2"},{"key":"2026030700202784700_B3"},{"key":"2026030700202784700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.4.1423-1433.1991","article-title":"T cell-mediated immunity in the lung: a Cryptococcus neoformans pulmonary infection model using SCID and athymic nude mice.","volume":"59","author":"Huffnagle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. 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