{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:33:04Z","timestamp":1783607584580,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]],"date-time":"1998-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":888710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A critical feature of sepsis-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the release of cytokines (such as interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) from endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-activated alveolar macrophages (AM). Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) is activated in AM from patients with ARDS, and it is essential for the transcription of many cytokine genes. In these studies, we evaluated the regulation of LPS-induced cytokine release and the activation of NF-\u03baB in human AM. We found that the activation of NF-\u03baB and the release of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF from AM exposed to LPS was protein kinase C-independent and tyrosine kinase- and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C-dependent. We also found that LPS-induced activation of NF-\u03baB was enhanced in AM cultured in serum or in the presence of LPS-binding protein, simulating conditions in the lung that are present in ARDS. In addition, LPS triggered the activation of several different NF-\u03baB complexes in AM, and different forms of NF-\u03baB bound to the IL-6, IL-8, and TNF promoter sequences. These observations suggest that physiologic abnormalities present in the lungs of patients with ARDS facilitate the activation of NF-\u03baB and local release of cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.18.3.2972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T22:11:22Z","timestamp":1365027082000},"page":"384-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-\u03ba B Activation and Cytokine Release in Human Alveolar Macrophages Is PKC-independent and TK- and PC-PLC-dependent"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Aaron Brent","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine; and the Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha M.","family":"Monick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine; and the Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Hunninghake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine; and the Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030700190398100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.3.8810592","article-title":"Interactions between neutrophils and cytokines in blood and alveolar spaces during ARDS.","volume":"153","author":"Chollet-Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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