{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:08:23Z","timestamp":1792055303849,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]],"date-time":"1998-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":893980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have recently shown the increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in sinus biopsies from allergic subjects with chronic sinusitis (ACS), whereas only IL-13 mRNA was elevated in biopsies obtained from nonallergic subjects with chronic sinusitis (NCS). In the lymph nodes and spleen, these cytokines may promote IgE production through transcriptional activation of the germline IgE heavy chain promoter, an event which precedes immunoglobulin isotype switching to IgE in B cells. We hypothesized that local expression of IL-4 and\/or IL-13 might act by inducing germline IgE heavy chain transcript expression locally in the sinus mucosa of chronic sinusitis patients. Mucosal sinus biopsies were obtained from 13 patients with ACS, 12 subjects with NCS, and 11 normal control individuals. The numbers of B cells in the sinus mucosa were studied by immunocytochemistry with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. In situ hybridization was performed using antisense radiolabeled riboprobes complementary to the IgE \u03b5-heavy chain germline (I\u03b5) and heavy chain constant region (C\u03b5) gene transcripts. Riboprobes specific for the IgG \u03b3-heavy chain constant region (C\u03b3) were used as an isotype control. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated augmented numbers of CD20-positive B cells in the biopsies obtained from ACS patients compared with NCS subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and normal control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Statistically significant increases were observed in the numbers of cells expressing I\u03b5 and C\u03b5 transcripts in the sinus mucosa of ACS patients compared with those with NCS (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and normal controls (P &amp;lt; 0.001), while C\u03b3 RNA expression did not differ significantly between the groups. In three randomly selected ACS biopsies, 92\u2013100% of cells expressing C\u03b5 transcripts and 100% of I\u03b5 RNA-positive cells coexpressed CD20 immunoreactivity. Cells expressing C\u03b5 transcripts were also significantly increased in NCS compared with normal controls (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The results of this study suggest that local IgE class switching occurs in the pathogenesis of ACS and that ACS and NCS are both associated with increased expression of C\u03b5 transcripts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.18.5.3030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T22:14:14Z","timestamp":1365027254000},"page":"706-711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Expression of IgE Heavy Chain Transcripts in the Sinus Mucosa of Atopic and Nonatopic Patients with Chronic Sinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Al-Ghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saul","family":"Frenkiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qutayba","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute; and Randall Institute, King's College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030700180855300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989570152-4","article-title":"The health impact of chronic sinusitis in patients seeking otolaryngologic care.","volume":"113","author":"Gliklich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90944-X","article-title":"A clinical and pathological study of chronic sinusitis: the role of the eosinophil.","volume":"81","author":"Harlin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B3","first-page":"160","article-title":"IL-4 and IL-13 expression in chronic sinusitis: relationship with cellular infiltrate and effect of topical corticosteroid treatment.","volume":"26","author":"Al-Ghamdi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(05)80003-2","article-title":"Regulation of IgE synthesis by cytokines.","volume":"3","author":"De Vries","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60536-2","article-title":"Mechanism and regulation of immunoglobulin isotype switching.","volume":"54","author":"Coffman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.12.5408","article-title":"Regulation of the expression of human C\u03b5 germline transcript.","volume":"150","author":"Ichiki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.14.1385241","article-title":"A two-signal model of immunoglobulin isotype switching to IgE.","volume":"6","author":"Purkerson","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.1.181","article-title":"Characterization of IL-4 responsive region in the immunoglobulin heavy chain germline \u03b5 promoter: regulation by NF-IL-4, a C\/EBP family member, and NF-\u03baB\/p50.","volume":"181","author":"Delphin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B9","first-page":"1672","article-title":"Structure and expression of germline immunoglobulin heavy chain \u03b5 transcripts: interleukin-4 plus lipopolysaccharide directed switching to C\u03b5.","volume":"10","author":"Rothman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. 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J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B15","first-page":"19","article-title":"Immunopathological characteristics of nasal polyps.","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000230229","article-title":"Immunoglobulins in nasal polyp fluid.","volume":"32","author":"Donovan","year":"1970","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Applied Immunol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B17","first-page":"736","article-title":"Local specific IgE production in nasal polyps associated with negative skin tests and serum RAST.","volume":"55","author":"Small","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. 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Immunol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.15.4.8879177","article-title":"Eosinophil infiltration in nonallergic chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CHS\/NP) is associated with endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation and expression of TNF-\u03b1.","volume":"15","author":"Hamilos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830200721","article-title":"IgE-dependent antigen focusing by human B lymphocytes is mediated by the low affinity receptor for IgE.","volume":"20","author":"Pirron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8351517","article-title":"Inhibition of an in vivo antigen-specific IgE response by antibodies to CD23.","volume":"261","author":"Flores-Romo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026030700180855300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1303","article-title":"Central role of immunoglobulin E in the induction of lung eosinophil infiltration and T helper 2 cell cytokine production: inhibition by a non-anaphylactogenic anti-IgE antibody.","volume":"183","author":"Coyle","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/18\/5\/706\/67212201\/ajrcmb_18_5_706.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article-pdf\/18\/5\/706\/67212201\/ajrcmb_18_5_706.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T05:27:37Z","timestamp":1772861257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrcmb\/article\/18\/5\/706\/8504443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/ajrcmb.18.5.3030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-4989","1044-1549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-4989","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1044-1549","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]}}}