{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:33:40Z","timestamp":1772930020467,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infection of asthmatics with human rhinovirus (HRV) enhances airway eosinophilia and airways hyperreactivity. The current studies were performed to further characterize HRV-induced generation by human bronchial epithelial cells of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine that could contribute to airway eosinophilia by increasing the survival and activation of eosinophils, and to determine the effects of the antiviral agent nitric oxide (NO) on HRV-induced GM-CSF production. Maximal levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for GM-CSF were seen 1 h after HRV infection. Expression was sustained through 24 h and declined by 48 h. GM-CSF protein was detected in cell supernatants by 2 h after infection and reached maximal concentrations by 24 h, with the most rapid rate of production occurring from 2 to 7 h. The NO donor 3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propyl-hydrazino)-1-propanamine (NONOate) inhibited HRV-induced GM-CSF protein production in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. NONOate also inhibited HRV-induced GM-CSF mRNA levels at both times (1 and 4 h) examined. NONOate increased GM-CSF mRNA stability, suggesting that reduced mRNA levels were due to inhibition of transcription. The transcription factor nuclear factor-\u03ba B was rapidly induced by HRV infection, but was not inhibited by NONOate, implying a role for other transcription factors. Thus, NO may play an important anti-inflammatory role in virally induced exacerbations of diseases such as asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.24.3.4131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T21:29:03Z","timestamp":1365024543000},"page":"317-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Nitric Oxide Inhibits Rhinovirus-Induced Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Production in Bronchial Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Scherer P.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ryan Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline D.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Siekierski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Proud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030700024398900_B1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Asthma, viruses, and nitric oxide.","volume":"220","author":"Sanders","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. 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